Glutamic Acid (Glutamate)

05/01/2010 - "Acupuncture (ACU) is known to be effective in ischemia treatment, and glutamate (GLU) excitotoxicity is an important factor in neuronal cell death. "
02/01/2010 - "Acupuncture has been known to be effective in ischemia, and glutamate excitotoxicity is an important factor for the neuronal cell death. "
08/27/1999 - "During the second half of 10-min ischemia, a significant increase in glutamate release was induced even in the dentate gyrus where CA4 neurons were eliminated; this increase was significantly suppressed by inhibiting proliferation of astrocytes. "
02/01/1998 - "In contrast, glutamate increased by sixfold during ischemia at 37 degrees C and remained significantly greater during reperfusion in the 34 degrees C and 37 degrees C groups. "
07/01/1997 - "Lesioned animals showed significantly greater numbers of surviving neurons and significantly lower ischemia-induced elevations of extracellular glutamate concentrations than nonlesioned animals. "

06/01/2002 - "Activation of group II mGlu receptors (mGlu2 and mGlu3) decreases glutamate release from presynaptic nerve terminals, suggesting that group II mGlu receptor agonists may be beneficial in the treatment of schizophrenia. "
10/01/2015 - "In conclusion, glutamate positive modulators may not be effective in reversing overall cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia as adjunctive therapies. "
03/01/2015 - "The stimulation of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) 2 receptor has been shown to be effective in a number of animal models of schizophrenia. "
01/01/2013 - "Both the stimulation of the metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) 2/3 receptor and the blockade of the mGlu1 receptor have been shown to be effective in a number of animal models of schizophrenia. "
11/01/2009 - "We describe here a coordinated brain imaging and animal models approach in which we have shown that the hippocampal CA1 region is a principal node in schizophrenia pathogenesis and have identified a novel treatment approach to the disorder based on inhibition of glutamate release. "

04/01/1993 - "Glutamate uptake was relatively well preserved after a short hypoxic insult, while a marked decrease in glutamate uptake was observed after hypoxia of long duration. "
10/01/1991 - "The accumulation of glutamate in the external medium during anoxia was Ca2+ independent and insensitive to a significant reduction of the Ca(2+)-dependent release of the amino acid. "
01/01/2012 - "The protective effects were associated with reduction of glutamate and hypoxia-induced ROS production and alleviation of hypoxia-induced suppression of mitochondrial respiratory complex activities. "
01/01/2013 - "Here we show for the first time the direct correlation between the extent of differentiation (age) of astrocytes and the efficacy of EPO in balancing extracellular glutamate clearance and metabolism in an in-vitro model of hypoxia and Glu-induced astroglial injury. "
01/01/2013 - "It was experimentally ascertained that the most apparent antihypoxic action of study objects occurs in conditions of hypobaric hypoxia of acetylated derivative of glutamic acid considerably exceeds glutamic acid."

01/25/2005 - "This sustained increase, which may contribute to the initiation and propagation of seizure activity, indicates impaired clearance of glutamate released by neurons. "
07/27/2001 - "Previous studies demonstrated that selected agonists for metabotropic glutamate group II and group III receptors can provide protection against seizures in adult animals. "
01/01/2013 - "This is the first AED with a specific action on glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotransmission to show evidence of efficacy and tolerability in reducing treatment-refractory partial-onset seizures in Phase III clinical trials. "
12/01/2005 - "Our study provides a novel mechanism, astrocytic release of glutamate, for seizure initiation."
07/01/2002 - "In vivo microdialysis studies show that seizure-associated glutamate release is doubled, and clearance is slowed. "

02/01/1988 - "These results suggest that this glutamate antagonist should be useful for the treatment of stroke."
06/01/2012 - "These studies show that the aging astrocyte may directly contribute to infarct severity by inefficient glutamate clearance and enhanced cytokine production and suggest a cellular target for improved stroke therapy among older females."
12/01/1995 - "The efficacy of these compounds in protecting central neurones from the effects of stroke may be indicative of the importance of the role that glutamate plays in this process."
03/01/2015 - "The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between acute ischemic stroke and glutamate levels and to determine the prognosis value of plasma glutamate levels to predict the functional outcome. "
12/01/2014 - "To extend these animal and cell-based studies to clinical patients, we measured the plasma levels of miR-107 and glutamate, and observed that both miR-107 and glutamate were elevated in patients with ischaemic stroke. "