Objective: Aim of present study was to evaluate gingival tissue samples obtained from healthy and diseased sites of teeth and
dental implants in terms of
hypoxia and
collagenase activity.Methods: Four study groups were created as Group-1; healthy individuals (H), Group-2;
periodontitis patients with stage 3 grade B (P), Group-3; patients with peri-implant
mucositis. Group-4; patients with
peri-implantitis (P-
IMP). Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and probing pocket depth (
PPD) were recorded. Gingival and peri-implant mucosal biopsies were obtained. Fibroblast and inflammatory cells were counted.
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α,
prolyl hydroxylase (PH),
matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, tissue inhibitor of
MMPs (TIMP)-1,
cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and
inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels were determined via immunohistochemistry.Results: Healthy controls had highest fibroblast cell counts and lowest inflammatory cell counts compared to other groups.
Peri-implantitis and
periodontitis samples had similar fibroblast and inflammatory cell counts, while peri-implant
mucositis had higher fibroblast cells and lowered inflammatory cells compared to
periodontitis and
peri-implantitis samples. HIF-1α, COX-2 and iNOS levels were lowest in healthy controls and increased in other groups. Peri-implant
mucositis samples had significantly lower expressions of HIF-1α, COX-2 and iNOS compared to
peri-implantitis and
periodontitis groups. PH expressions were lower in
periodontitis and
peri-implantitis groups compared to healthy controls and peri-implant
mucositis groups. MMP-8 levels were lower in healthy group compared to other groups while levels were similar in
periodontitis, peri-implant
mucositis and
peri-implantitis groups. TIMP levels were similar in groups.Conclusion:
Periodontitis,
peri-implantitis, and peri-implant
mucositis samples exhibited higher
inflammation and lower fibroblast cell counts and tend to have increased tissue
collagenase activity,
hypoxia and
inflammation compared to healthy samples.