Tuberculin (PPD)

A protein extracted from boiled culture of tubercle bacilli (MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS). It is used in the tuberculin skin test (TUBERCULIN TEST) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in asymptomatic persons.

Also Known As:

Networked: 8201 relevant articles (202 outcomes, 783 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Lalvani, Ajit: 27 articles (05/2013 - 11/2002)
2.	Andersen, Peter: 19 articles (01/2014 - 04/2003)
3.	Pai, Madhukar: 17 articles (01/2014 - 12/2004)
4.	Chadha, V K: 17 articles (04/2013 - 01/2001)
5.	Salvi, Giovanni E: 15 articles (01/2015 - 06/2002)
6.	Lang, Niklaus P: 15 articles (07/2012 - 04/2002)
7.	Diel, R: 14 articles (11/2012 - 01/2006)
8.	Dockrell, Hazel M: 13 articles (06/2015 - 04/2002)
9.	Mazurek, Gerald H: 12 articles (03/2014 - 01/2003)
10.	Dennis, Cindy-Lee: 12 articles (01/2014 - 03/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Tuberculosis (Tuberculoses) 02/01/2005 - "tuberculosis in most tuberculin skin-test-negative adults at week 8, suggesting the immunological efficacy of vaccination." 09/01/2003 - "Monetary incentives are highly effective in increasing adherence to referral for screening CXRs to exclude active tuberculosis after syringe exchange-based tuberculin skin testing. " 08/01/1999 - "There is now strong evidence from several randomized controlled trials for the efficacy of preventive therapy in the prevention of tuberculosis in tuberculin skin test positive persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). " 07/01/2007 - "Until recently the tuberculin skin test was the only available method for diagnosing tuberculosis, however it suffers several methodological weaknesses: high rate of false positive results in vaccinated populations, the subjectivity of the evaluation and the booster effect. " 09/01/2006 - "The gold standard screening tool used to detect tuberculosis is the tuberculin test, which owes its popularity to its ease of administration and high sensitivity. "
2.	Infection 10/01/2005 - "The tuberculin skin test (TST) is inaccurate because of the high incidence of anergy in skin testing in HD patients and its inability to differentiate latent from eradicated TB infection. " 01/01/2002 - "The strong positive reaction of calves to tuberculin inoculation 15 weeks post vaccination showed the capability of BCG in causing the release of IFN-gamma in the peripheral blood, indicating its role in protection against infection with Mycobacterium bovis in calves." 03/01/1981 - "A proposal is made that there are 2 mechanisms of cell mediated response to mycobacteria, both of which produce positive tuberculin tests and that one of them is more protective against mycobacterial infection than is the other. " 08/01/2009 - "The tuberculin skin test is effective in the early detection of pre-clinical cases of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle. " 09/01/2006 - "To evaluate the tuberculin skin test performed in healthy children within the ongoing basic health program in order to determine whether our activity is effective in detecting latent tuberculin infection. "
3.	Latent Tuberculosis 04/01/2012 - "Purified protein derivative (PPD) has served as a safe and effective diagnostic reagent for 60 years and is the only broadly available material to diagnose latent tuberculosis infections. " 05/01/2007 - "The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the quantiferon test (QFT) for detecting latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in health care workers (HCWs). " 06/01/2007 - "Screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) with the Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) has many limitations including false-positive results due to Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. " 01/01/2002 - "To assess the efficacy of tuberculin skin screening for TB in schoolchildren in southwestern Israel as well as the compliance to treatment for latent tuberculosis infection. " 12/01/2013 - "Providing detailed information about latent tuberculosis and compliance with the PPD test among healthcare workers in Israel: a randomized controlled study."
4.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy) 03/01/1949 - "An improved tissue culture technique adaptable to clinical testing for bacterial hypersensitivity of the tuberculin type." 02/01/2015 - "This study examines patients' characteristics, patch test results and outcomes of PPD allergy from a single Australian centre, through a retrospective analysis of patch test data from 2006 to 2013 at the Liverpool Hospital Dermatology Department. " 01/01/2009 - "Contact allergy to PPD was a more prevalent indicator for skin reactions to textiles than the TDM used in this study." 01/01/2008 - "In the previous study we found that approximately 60% young volunteers with no history of TB, who had been subjected to neonatal BCG vaccination and revaccination(s) at school age, developed delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to tuberculin. " 05/01/2007 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative frequency of 'environmental' exposures and skin reactions to products potentially containing PPD in subgroups of patients with versus without newly diagnosed contact allergy (CA) to PPD upon retesting. "
5.	Hemorrhage 12/01/2014 - "Bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline, 4 wk and 12 wk. Significant reduction in BOP scores was observed in both the groups at 12weeks (p<0.001). " 05/01/2012 - "Administration of SRD resulted in significantly greater odds of transition of bleeding pockets ≥5 mm to a category of non bleeding sites with PPD ≤4 mm at 3 and 6 months (O.R. " 04/01/2012 - "The results showed on intra-group analysis significant reduction (P<0.01) of clinical parameters (plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), periodontal probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL)) in all four treatment groups, whereas on inter-group analysis, intra-pocket gel application in combination with SRP showed significant reduction (P<0.05) for PI, GI, GBI, and CAL in comparison to intra-pocket gel alone. " 04/01/2015 - "All PFD paramedics have been equipped and trained to move with PPD officers into a scene that has been cleared by police but not yet secured in order to initiate emergency care, with an emphasis on hemorrhage control. " 07/01/2009 - "While plaque and bleeding scores improved, no effects on PPD were identified."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Antigens
2.	Interferon-gamma (Interferon, gamma)
3.	Isoniazid (Ftivazide)
4.	Tuberculin (PPD)
5.	BCG Vaccine
6.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
7.	Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)
8.	Gold
9.	Interferons
10.	Antibodies

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Immunotherapy
4.	Chemoprevention
5.	Debridement