Periodontitis

Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)

Also Known As:

Networked: 5200 relevant articles (255 outcomes, 1226 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Gingivitis
2.	Alveolar Bone Loss
3.	Inflammation
4.	Bone Resorption
5.	Periodontal Diseases (Periodontal Disease)

Experts

1.	Sorsa, Timo: 32 articles (02/2016 - 08/2003)
2.	Pussinen, Pirkko J: 26 articles (02/2016 - 07/2003)
3.	Yoshie, H: 25 articles (04/2015 - 02/2000)
4.	Van Dyke, Thomas E: 23 articles (12/2015 - 07/2002)
5.	Ekuni, Daisuke: 23 articles (10/2014 - 06/2006)
6.	Loos, Bruno G: 22 articles (10/2015 - 01/2002)
7.	Yamazaki, K: 22 articles (12/2012 - 02/2000)
8.	Pradeep, A R: 21 articles (01/2015 - 10/2006)
9.	Tomofuji, Takaaki: 21 articles (10/2014 - 06/2006)
10.	Atilla, Gül: 21 articles (01/2014 - 03/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Periodontitis:

1.	Tetracycline (Achromycin)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2011 - "The results of this study suggest that subgingival irrigation with high concentrations of tetracycline may play a beneficial role in the management of chronic periodontitis patients." 05/01/1998 - "The safety profile, longer-term drug retention, antimicrobial activity, and clinical response in this Phase I study suggest that this tetracycline-containing copolymer gel platform may represent a safe and effective bioerodible therapy for periodontitis. " 01/01/1999 - "The purpose of this single-blind, randomized study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of slow-release tetracycline fibers as an adjunct to initial periodontal therapy in moderate to advanced periodontitis patients who had no periodontal treatment before. " 04/01/1997 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of controlled-release tetracycline-containing fibers in patients with refractory periodontitis versus the preceding classical treatment. " 12/01/2010 - "The aim of this study was to compare subgingival irrigation with tetracycline hydrochloride (TTC-HCL) as adjunctive treatment to scaling and root planning (SRP) on induced periodontitis in rats. "
2.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 09/01/2008 - "This article describes the reasons why antibiotics may not be effective in treating periodontitis, and why their use is not more widespread. " 03/01/1984 - "As the periodontitis improved with antibiotics, het diabetic control worsened because she was able to eat more. " 11/01/2002 - "[Are antibiotics effective in the treatment of periodontitis?]." 07/01/2002 - "Locally delivered antibiotics are used to treat periodontitis and these agents are found to be effective in improving the treatment result. " 01/01/1997 - "These antibiotics were effective in the treatment of 62 adult patients with severe and moderate generalized periodontitis. "
3.	Doxycycline (Vibramycin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2005 - "Adjunctive use of subantimicrobial dose doxycycline to non-surgical periodontal therapy is beneficial in the management of chronic periodontitis over 12 months. " 11/01/2004 - "This study suggests that a submicrobial dose of doxycycline as an adjunct therapy with SRP might be safe and effective in the long-term management of chronic periodontitis." 11/01/2013 - "In the present study an attempt is made to know the efficacy of controlled local drug delivery of doxycycline as an adjunctive treatment in the management of chronic periodontitis. " 01/01/2013 - "20 healthy Beagles for measurement of serum doxycycline concentration and 15 Beagles with periodontitis for evaluation of the efficacy of the SDD. " 03/01/2005 - "At present there is limited data concerning the efficacy of non-surgical periodontal therapy supplemented with subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) in the treatment of severe, generalized periodontitis. "
4.	ChlorhexidineIBA 04/01/1999 - "Use of the chlorhexidine chip has significantly improved the clinical parameters of periodontitis when used as an adjunct to SRP. " 01/01/1997 - "The safety and efficacy of a degradable, subgingivally placed drug delivery system containing 2.5 mg chlorhexidine (CHX) were evaluated in a randomized, blinded, multi-center study of 118 patients with moderate periodontitis. " 03/01/2010 - "Efficacy of a low-concentration chlorhexidine mouth rinse in non-compliant periodontitis patients attending a supportive periodontal care programme: a randomized clinical trial." 06/01/2014 - "The study also intended to compare the combined therapy (SRP and Chlorhexidine chip) with chlorhexidine chip alone in individuals with periodontitis. " 02/01/2011 - "The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical, microbiological and immunological effects of subgingival irrigation with Dentol(™) and 0.2% chlorhexidine in human advanced periodontitis. "
5.	Metronidazole (Metric)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1991 - "Previous studies have shown that metronidazole is effective in the treatment of subgingival microflora associated with destructive periodontitis. " 02/01/2005 - "The aim of the present study was to compare the concentrations of metronidazole in plasma, saliva and gingival crevice fluid in patients with periodontitis after multiple administration. " 07/01/1999 - "Longitudinal effect of non-surgical treatment and systemic metronidazole for 1 week in smokers and non-smokers with refractory periodontitis: a 5-year study." 06/13/1998 - "This study does not support the routine use of adjunctive metronidazole in the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis." 06/13/1998 - "Adjunctive systemic and locally delivered metronidazole in the treatment of periodontitis: a controlled clinical study."
6.	Minocycline (Cyclops)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2012 - "Minocycline containing local drug delivery system in the management of chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled trial." 07/01/1993 - "The safety and efficacy of subgingivally-applied 2% minocycline ointment was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind study of 103 adults with moderate to severe periodontitis. " 08/01/2012 - "Twenty patients with chronic severe periodontitis were treated in a split-mouth study to either adjunctive application of locally delivered minocycline ointment in association with flap surgery (FM) or flap surgery only (FO); additional minocycline application was performed at 3 months post operation. " 08/01/2012 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of adjunctive application of locally delivered minocycline ointment associated with flap surgery for the treatment of patients with chronic severe periodontitis. " 04/01/2012 - "The overall view of results in our investigation did not show any significant advantage of using 2% minocycline gel over scaling and root planning as an effective local drug delivery system and calls for further clinical trials to objectively evaluate its adjunctive in treatment of periodontitis."
7.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 09/01/2008 - "Therefore, TNF-alpha blockade could be beneficial in the treatment of periodontitis." 02/01/2007 - "The aim of our study was to evaluate, for the first time, the therapeutic efficacy of in vivo inhibition of TNF-alpha in an experimental model of periodontitis. " 06/01/2003 - "Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the association between severe periodontitis in Japanese and the following SNPs: five in the TNF-alpha gene promoter (-1031, -863, -857, -308, -238) and three in the IL-1beta gene (-511, -31, +3953). " 01/01/2003 - "In addition to the potential role of TNF-alpha in tooth eruption, this study suggests that the periodontal ligament derived from the dental follicle might have the capacity to synthesize TNF-alpha, and thereby contribute to the destructive events of periodontitis." 01/01/2000 - "The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on the priming capacity of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, measured as generation of radicals from stimulated neutrophils, in smoking and non-smoking subjects with or without periodontitis. "
8.	Triclosan (pHisoHex)FDA Link 04/01/2007 - "The aim of this study was to examine the contamination and the survival rate of periodontopathic and cariogenic species on new toothbrushes with antibacterial properties (coated bristles with triclosan), after a single use in periodontitis patients. " 12/01/1997 - "Effect of triclosan on the subgingival microbiota of periodontitis-susceptible subjects." 01/01/2000 - "The use of triclosan in supportive treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis." 03/01/2004 - "Some dentifrices containing triclosan have been shown to improve plaque control and gingival health and one, which contains triclosan/copolymer, reduces the progression of periodontitis in adults and high-risk individuals. " 03/01/2014 - "After 36 months of use there was no evidence of a difference between triclosan/copolymer toothpaste and control in the development of periodontitis (attachment loss) (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.27, one study, 480 patients, low-quality evidence). "
9.	Dentifrices (Dentifrice)IBA 10/01/2007 - "The inhibition of dentifrice containing the lotus leaf-derived inhibitor on periodontitis-related bacteria in vitro." 12/01/2001 - "12 periodontitis patients had their interdental spaces professionally cleaned with interdental brushes and their teeth with new toothbrushes with or without different dentifrices. " 03/01/1983 - "SnF2-containing dentifrice had a plaque control effect additional to that produced by the regime but had no effect on periodontitis as assessed by SBI." 01/01/1988 - "Double-blind evaluation of the clinical efficacy of an herbal dentifrice against gingivitis and periodontitis." 01/01/2011 - "With increased interest in the association of oral health with systemic health, this dentifrice is well-positioned to help reduce the likelihood of gingivitis establishing itself and possibly developing into periodontitis (Figure 1). "
10.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)IBA 10/01/2011 - "There was no significant difference in IL-6 between smokers and non-smokers with periodontitis but CXCL5/ENA-78 concentrations were significantly greater in smokers with periodontitis (p=0.006). " 05/01/2013 - "Detecting IL-6 haplotype-positive periodontitis patients might become helpful in identifying subjects prone to excessive inflammatory response and increased periodontal breakdown." 01/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between periodontitis and CRP and IL-6 in atherosclerotic patients. " 01/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the IL6 c.-174G>C polymorphism and periodontitis in individuals from Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. " 08/01/2013 - "A literature search was performed using PubMed and Embase and a meta-analysis of the identified studies was conducted to explore the associations between TNF-α -308 A/G, -238 A/G, IL-6 promoter -174 G/C and -572 G/C polymorphisms and periodontitis. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Root Planing 01/01/2002 - "HBO2 therapy combined with scaling and root planing was the most beneficial in the treatment of periodontitis. " 05/01/2001 - "Scaling and root planing have been shown to be less effective in smokers with periodontitis. " 06/01/2015 - "The authors conclude that within the confines of this case series, the PerioPatch is a novel but simple device that can be used adjunctively with scaling and root planing for the management of chronic periodontitis." 07/01/2014 - "Surgical periodontal therapy with and without initial scaling and root planing in the management of chronic periodontitis: a randomized clinical trial." 10/01/2008 - "The traditional treatment modality of scaling and root planing (SRP) remains the "gold standard" for the non-surgical management of chronic periodontitis. "
2.	Oral Hygiene (Dental Hygiene) 12/01/2014 - "The results of clinical studies of patients periodontal tissues condition ,who have had dental defects on the background I-II severity of GP using partial splinting elements of fixation showed a significant improvement in oral hygiene, positive change in activity indicators current of generalized periodontitis. " 04/01/1996 - "This pilot study indicates that both simplified oral hygiene regimes are effective in periodontitis, but that there was no difference between the 2 commercial irrigants as adjunctives." 08/01/2009 - "An individually tailored treatment programme for improved oral hygiene: introduction of a new course of action in health education for patients with periodontitis." 04/01/2015 - "The epidemiology of periodontitis regarding oral-hygiene practices particularly the frequency of tooth brushing has been the subject of relatively few dedicated studies. " 06/01/2013 - "In the early 1980s, studies appeared that contradicted the concepts of poor oral hygiene as the inevitable trigger of periodontitis and of linear and ubiquitous periodontitis progression, whereby periodontal epidemiology was led into a relatively short-lived high-risk era. "
3.	Ligation 05/01/2015 - "In conclusion, DL was effective in the treatment of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats, both when used alone and when used as adjunctive therapy to SRP." 01/01/2013 - "Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats." 08/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of a herbal formula, PerioH-035, containing Angelica sinensis, steamed Rehmannia glutinosa, Angelica dahurica, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, and Zanthoxylum piperitum on the periodontal breakdown in a well-established ligature-induced periodontitis model in rats. " 11/01/2014 - "In this study, RANKL and sclerostin expression of osteocytes is investigated in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis. " 09/01/2014 - "The aim was to compare the effect of chronic stress on ligature-induced periodontitis in inbred and noninbred female rats by means of a radiographic study. "
4.	Debridement 09/01/2001 - "Whilst local antimicrobial therapy for periodontitis was not widespread, a substantial minority of dentists use this form of therapy and most believe that it is more effective than root debridement alone." 07/01/2002 - "The supplementation of hygienist-delivered full mouth subgingival and supragingival debridement with a host-modulating agent, SDD, provides clinically and statistically significant benefits in the reduction of deep pockets in patients with severe, generalized periodontitis. " 04/01/2006 - "Both ultrasonic and manual debridement are equally effective in non-surgical periodontal therapy of severe periodontitis in terms of clinical and microbiological effects." 08/01/2014 - "The aim of this review is to discuss the evidence for the management of chronic periodontitis, including methods of non-surgical therapy such as full mouth disinfection, full mouth debridement and conventional quadrant-by-quadrant therapy. " 01/01/2002 - "The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of machine-driven compared with manual subgingival debridement in the treatment of periodontitis. "
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/2010 - "Thus, studies to determine the status of saliva chemiluminescence method to treat and monitor the dynamics after treatment of periodontitis tissues supporting teeth prosthetic field in the control group and the main observation, revealed the following pattern: the approach of all the indices to normal in patients with a core group, which corresponded to the clinical dynamic index parameters of periodontal tissues supporting teeth prosthetic field, and a similar core group of the positive dynamics of the intensity values of chemiluminescence-indicators in the control group up to 3 months of observation, with a significant deterioration of the same indicators at a later time dynamic monitoring." 11/01/2004 - "The purpose of the present study was to investigate in periodontitis patients the relationship between the number of bacteria in the saliva and the amount of de novo plaque formation before and after treatment. " 03/01/2004 - "This study included subjects with a healthy periodontium, a healthy reduced periodontium after treatment, an inflamed reduced periodontium after treatment and untreated periodontitis. " 12/01/2000 - "Patients with clinical characteristics of severe periodontitis (n=87) were included in the study, 78 were untreated patients and 9 patients were in maintenance care after treatment. " 08/01/1998 - "The ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to retain functional activity after frozen storage should permit more effective monitoring during longitudinal clinical studies and a better evaluation of changes in cytokine production in patients with advanced periodontitis both during and after treatment."