Physical exercise mitigates high-fat diet-induced adiposopathy and related endocrine alterations in an animal model of obesity.

Abstract

The dysregulation of adipokine secretion owing to adiposopathy can contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-related disorders. Being that exercise is an advised strategy against obesity-induced adiposopathy, we aimed to analyze the role of physical exercise as a preventive and therapeutic strategy against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced adipokine and ghrelin alterations. Rats were pair-fed the Lieber De Carli standard diet (S, 35 Kcal% fat) or HFD (71 Kcal% fat) over 17 weeks. Animals were assigned into four groups as follows: standard diet sedentary (SS), standard diet voluntary physical activity (SVPA), high-fat diet sedentary (HS), and high-fat diet voluntary physical activity (HVPA). After 9 weeks of dietary treatment, half of the SS and HS animals were submitted to an 8-week endurance training program, standard diet endurance training (SET), and high-fat-diet endurance training (HET) groups, maintaining the respective diets. Although there were no changes in body weight, HFD increased visceral adiposity, percentage of large adipocytes, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α, and leptin contents in epididymal adipose tissue (eWAT) and decreased plasma content of adiponectin (AdipQ). Both VPA and ET decreased visceral adiposity and percentage of large adipocytes in HFD-fed animals, but ET also increased the percentage of small- to medium-sized adipocytes. VPA increased plasma growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) and decreased leptin protein in HVPA group. ET decreased plasma insulin and leptin levels and eWAT HIF-1α and leptin expression in HET group. Moreover, ET improved insulin sensitivity, plasma high molecular weight, and AdipQ and ghrelin levels and increased eWAT and GHS-R expression. Our data suggest that exercise, particularly ET, reverted adiposopathy and related endocrine alterations induced by an isocaloric HFD pair-fed diet.

• Authors: Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues, Inês O Gonçalves, Jorge Beleza, António Ascensão, José Magalhães
• Journal: Journal of physiology and biochemistry (J Physiol Biochem) Vol. 74 Issue 2 Pg. 235-246 (May 2018) ISSN: 1877-8755 [Electronic] Spain
• PMID: 29478123 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Adiponectin
• Ghrelin
• Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
• Insulin
• Leptin
• Receptors, Ghrelin
• Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Topics

• Adiponectin (blood)
• Adipose Tissue (metabolism, pathology)
• Animals
• Body Weight
• Diet, High-Fat
• Disease Models, Animal
• Endocrine System (physiopathology)
• Ghrelin (blood)
• Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit (metabolism)
• Insulin (blood)
• Insulin Resistance
• Leptin (blood)
• Male
• Obesity (etiology, metabolism, physiopathology, prevention & control)
• Physical Conditioning, Animal
• Rats, Sprague-Dawley
• Receptors, Ghrelin (metabolism)
• Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (metabolism)