Abstract | BACKGROUND: METHODS: We provide a clinically oriented overview of risk factors for TD, dividing them into patient-, illness- and treatment-related variables, as well as nonmodifiable and modifiable factors. RESULTS: Unmodifiable patient-related and illness-related risk factors for TD include older age, female sex, white and African descent, longer illness duration, intellectual disability and brain damage, negative symptoms in schizophrenia, mood disorders, cognitive symptoms in mood disorders, and gene polymorphisms involving antipsychotic metabolism and dopamine functioning. Modifiable comorbidity-related and treatment-related factors include diabetes, smoking, and alcohol and substance abuse, FGA vs SGA treatment, higher cumulative and current antipsychotic dose or antipsychotic plasma levels, early parkinsonian side effects, anticholinergic co-treatment, akathisia, and emergent dyskinesia. DISCUSSION: Clinicians using dopamine antagonists need to consider risk factors for TD to minimize TD and its consequences.
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Authors | Marco Solmi, Giorgio Pigato, John M Kane, Christoph U Correll |
Journal | Journal of the neurological sciences
(J Neurol Sci)
Vol. 389
Pg. 21-27
(06 15 2018)
ISSN: 1878-5883 [Electronic] Netherlands |
PMID | 29439776
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Antipsychotic Agents
- Dopamine Antagonists
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Topics |
- Antipsychotic Agents
(adverse effects)
- Dopamine Antagonists
(adverse effects)
- Drug Monitoring
- Humans
- Risk Factors
- Tardive Dyskinesia
(epidemiology, prevention & control)
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