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Substance-Related Disorders (Drug Abuse)

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Disorders related to substance abuse, the side effects of a medication, or toxin exposure.

Also Known As:

Drug Abuse; Substance Abuse; Drug Addiction; Drug Dependence; Substance Dependence; Drug Usage; Addiction, Drug; Addiction, Substance; Substance Use Disorder; Substance Use Disorders; Substance Addiction; Abuse, Drug; Abuse, Substance; Abuses, Substance; Dependence, Drug; Dependence, Substance; Disorder, Drug Use; Disorder, Substance Use; Drug Use Disorder; Habituation, Drug; Organic Mental Disorders, Substance Induced; Substance Abuses; Usage, Drug; Drug Habituation; Drug Use Disorders; Organic Mental Disorders, Substance-Induced

Networked: 9381 relevant articles (315 outcomes, 1298 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox)
3.	Alcoholism (Alcohol Abuse)
4.	Substance-Related Disorders (Drug Abuse)
5.	Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD)

Experts

1.	Kranzler, Henry R: 41 articles (09/2014 - 01/2002)
2.	Weiss, Roger D: 40 articles (03/2015 - 02/2003)
3.	Drake, Robert E: 37 articles (01/2016 - 02/2002)
4.	Gelernter, Joel: 37 articles (09/2014 - 01/2002)
5.	Nunes, Edward V: 26 articles (06/2015 - 04/2004)
6.	Nestler, Eric J: 24 articles (04/2015 - 10/2002)
7.	Roman, Paul M: 23 articles (10/2014 - 03/2004)
8.	Knudsen, Hannah K: 21 articles (12/2015 - 03/2004)
9.	Carroll, Marilyn E: 20 articles (03/2015 - 03/2002)
10.	Brady, Kathleen T: 19 articles (09/2015 - 01/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Substance-Related Disorders:

1.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 10/01/2005 - "Research indicates that clients with co-occurring disorders are highly prone to relapse to substance abuse, even after they have attained full remission. " 12/01/2005 - "Treatment should maximize the use of psychotherapeutic interventions and give first consideration to medications proven effective in the context of co-occurring substance abuse. " 01/01/2011 - "The goal of this article was to describe the efficacy of ACT in treating co-occurring substance use disorders and suggest approaches to make it more efficacious. " 01/01/2011 - "Our results suggest that an integrated approach to schizophrenic patients and co-morbid substance use disorders is superior to standard treatment and may be considered as the treatment of choice for this patient group." 01/01/2007 - "TC treatment, with modifications, has shown considerable promise in treating offenders who have co-occurring mental and substance use disorders, a group that has a mounting prevalence in prison populations. "
2.	Cocaine (Cocaine HCl)IBA 12/01/2007 - "Although improvement in psychosocial functioning is a common goal in substance-abuse treatment, the primary outcome measure in most cocaine trials is urinalysis-verified cocaine use. " 11/01/1993 - "However, a significantly greater proportion of the alcohol and cocaine abusers admitted to having relapsed in the previous six months, reported significantly fewer average days of abstinence than the alcohol group since terminating treatment, and were more likely to present urine specimens indicative of recent substance abuse at the six-month follow-up interview. " 03/01/2013 - "Compared with living elsewhere, gay neighborhood residence appeared to be protective against cocaine use and substance dependence. " 03/15/2014 - "These results suggest neurobiological mechanisms by which voluntary wheel running attenuates cocaine-motivated behaviors and provide support for exercise as a novel treatment for drug addiction." 08/15/2013 - "Effects of substance abuse treatment that rely on improved social function may be mediated through changes in the brain's reinforcement system that modify the rewarding effects of cocaine. "
3.	Methadone (Dolophine)FDA LinkGeneric 09/18/1989 - "A significant minority of patients has benefited from methadone maintenance therapy, but most patients have continued their drug abuse and drug-related life-styles." 02/01/1977 - "It has been shown that while poor and middle class communities show good results with methadone maintenance approaches, in the area of secondary drug abuse they show marked dissimilarities. " 05/01/2002 - "In conclusion, INH retention time and completion rates were significantly improved by methadone treatment combined with observed INH, whether or not substance abuse counseling was provided. " 03/01/2011 - "A randomized trial of substance abuse treatment programs tested whether "enhanced profiles," consisting of feedback and coaching about performance indicators, improved the performance of residential, methadone, and detoxification programs. " 12/01/2008 - "This study examines the efficacy of the Focus on Families project (currently called Families Facing the Future), a preventive intervention to reduce substance use disorders among children in families with a parent in methadone treatment. "
4.	Antipsychotic Agents (Antipsychotics)IBA 08/01/2010 - "Although there is some preliminary evidence that atypical antipsychotic agents may be effective in treating substance dependence, results have been mixed, with some studies demonstrating positive and others negative or no effect. " 03/01/2001 - "However, there are few studies on the efficacy of antipsychotics on psychopathology and on their repercutions on substance abuse. " 10/01/1980 - "On the basis of present findings the assay would appear to offer promise for clinical application in the adjusting of the dosage of neuroleptic drugs, as well as in the monitoring of drug usage." 11/27/2015 - "In a recent meta-analytic review on the use of atypical antipsychotics for off-label indications (off-label), there was a lack of data to support the effectiveness of their use in substance abuse [8, 9]. " 03/01/2014 - "1. It has been suggested that the high prevalence of drug abuse in schizophrenics is related to chronic treatment with typical neuroleptics and dopaminergic supersensitivity that develops as a consequence. "
5.	Heroin (Diamorphine)IBA 01/01/2009 - "Efforts toward researching effective and safe therapies for the treatment of drug addiction and acute heroin withdrawal syndrome remain important objectives in the field of drug addiction. " 01/01/2015 - "Risk-conferring effects of S1-S3 and S5-S29 crossovers and protective effects of S3-S5 crossover were seen in both pure heroin dependent and multiple substance dependence subgroups. " 01/01/2015 - "Furthermore, this study suggests that the assessment of amygdala-related connectivity during fear processing may provide a prognostic tool to assess stress levels in heroin-dependent patients and to quantify the efficacy of maintenance treatments in drug addiction. " 07/01/2014 - "Using a mixed-methods approach, we analyzed (1) data from an ongoing study that uses structured, self-administered surveys to gather retrospective data on past drug use patterns among patients entering substance abuse treatment programs across the country who received a primary (DSM-IV) diagnosis of heroin use/dependence (n = 2797) and (2) data from unstructured qualitative interviews with a subset of patients (n = 54) who completed the structured interview. " 07/01/2014 - "This study also supports our and others' previous reports of association of the GAL SNP rs694066 and the AVPR1A SNPs rs11174811, rs1587097 and rs10784339 with heroin and general drug addiction, respectively. "
6.	Nicotine FDA Link 01/01/2009 - "Agonist replacement therapies are effective for managing substance abuse disorders including nicotine and opioid dependence. " 02/01/2009 - "This article tests the hypothesis that remission from substance use disorders is associated with smoking cessation in nicotine dependent young adults. " 02/01/2009 - "Does remission from alcohol and drug use disorders increase the likelihood of smoking cessation among nicotine dependent young adults?" 09/01/2015 - "The calculation of nicotine consumption, utilizing a specific correction coefficient, is the correct way to obtain more accurate data in drug studies of this kind, thus allowing a better drug abuse assessment." 03/01/2014 - "Several studies show increased risk of substance use disorders in ADHD, yet there is limited information related to how ADHD symptoms, autistic traits, and their combined effects are associated with nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis use and use disorders in the general population. "
7.	Clozapine (Clozaril)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1998 - "This favorable motor side effect profile of clozapine contributes to improved patient outcomes by reducing noncompliance, substance abuse, and suicide, resulting in improved quality of life and savings on health care costs." 05/01/2014 - "Clozapine is considered to be particularly effective in the treatment of dually diagnosed (DD) patients with psychosis and substance use disorders. " 10/01/2003 - "However, use of clozapine, the first choice for refractory illness and possibly uniquely effective for patients with comorbid substance abuse, did vary greatly by race. " 10/01/2006 - "Patients using clozapine at the first 6-month period of substance abuse remission (n = 25) were much less likely to relapse over the next year compared with those on other antipsychotic medications (n = 70): 8.0% vs 40.0%, chi(2) = 8.73 (df = 1), P = .003. " 08/01/2002 - "Possible factors that lead to a decrease in suicidality with clozapine include the following: a direct antidepressant action, improved cognitive function and insight, diminished negative symptoms, reduced substance abuse, and improved compliance. "
8.	Dopamine (Intropin)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2007 - "In addition to its low-affinity antagonism of D2 dopamine (DA) receptors, we report that l-THP functions as a higher-affinity antagonist at D1 DA receptors and interacts with D3 DA receptors, suggesting that it may be effective for the treatment of drug addiction. " 01/01/2007 - "Although it has been proposed that modulating dopamine transmission would be effective in the treatment of drug dependence, no validation has been provided in humans so far. " 07/01/2014 - "These acceptable PK properties make YQA-14 an improved candidate for further research and development as a potential dopamine D3R antagonism for the treatment of drug addiction in the clinic." 06/01/2014 - "Evidence from rodent studies suggests that early life stress may impair dopamine function in ways that increase risks for drug abuse. " 12/01/2013 - "The modulatory influence of dopamine in mesocorticolimbic circuits contributes to encoding the primary reinforcing effects of substances and numerous studies suggest that aberrant signaling within these circuits contributes to the development of a substance-use disorder in some individuals. "
9.	Opioid Analgesics (Opioids)IBA 04/01/2014 - "The results show that SNPs in this locus are the most potent genetic factors associated with human opioid sensitivity known to date, affecting both the efficacy of opioid analgesics and liability to severe substance dependence. " 01/01/2014 - "These results show that SNPs in this locus are the most potent genetic factors associated with human opioid sensitivity known to date, affecting both the efficacy of opioid analgesics and liability to severe substance dependence. " 02/01/2013 - "Prevention efforts targeting early substance abuse may help to curb the abuse of prescription opioids." 05/01/2014 - "In this study, we examine the county-level determinants of the availability and abuse of prescription opioids to better understand the socio-ecological context, and in particular the role of the healthcare delivery system, on the prescription drug abuse epidemic. " 03/01/2014 - "Multiple studies have estimated the extent to which prescription opioid analgesics contribute to the national drug abuse problem; studies also assessing the trends in medical use and abuse of opioid analgesics have confirmed the relationship between increasing medical use of opioids and increasing fatalities.The"
10.	Buprenorphine (Subutex)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2015 - "The changes after the 2006 legislation suggest that policies focused on increasing the number of patients that a single waivered physician could safely and effectively treat could be more effective in increasing buprenorphine use than would alternatives such as opening new substance abuse treatment facilities or raising the overall number of waivered physicians." 09/01/2015 - "Policies relaxing patient limits may be more effective in increasing buprenorphine use than alternatives such as opening new substance abuse treatment facilities or increasing the overall number of waivered physicians. " 07/01/2010 - "Improved HIV and substance abuse treatment outcomes for released HIV-infected prisoners: the impact of buprenorphine treatment." 01/01/2015 - "Buprenorphine is the most frequently prescribed medication for treating substance use disorders in the United States, but few studies have evaluated the structure of treatment delivered in real-world settings. " 05/01/2014 - "The current study aimed at comparison of retention rates for daily dispensing (DD) and alternate-day dispensing (AD) regimens for buprenorphine over a 1-year period at a tertiary care treatment center for management of substance use disorders. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2012 - "There was not statistically significant difference between patients and control subjects before and after drug therapy in the assesment of fall risk in posturography and there was not any improvement with drug usage in the patient group. " 01/01/2013 - "Overall, findings from the relatively small amount of available data indicate that pharmacotherapy for managing mood symptoms can be effective in patients with substance dependence, although results have not been consistent across all studies. " 10/01/2008 - "Furthermore, advancements in the understanding of the genetic and epigenetic basis of drug addiction and the pharmacogenetics of the safety and/or efficacy of the medications are providing opportunities for more individualized pharmacotherapy approaches. " 01/01/2005 - "Further research is needed to better understand the feasibility and efficacy of providing pharmacotherapies for substance dependence disorders within this population." 05/01/1990 - "The pharmacist's knowledge of pharmacotherapy and drug products and skill in assessing and managing problems related to substance abuse allowed physicians and nurses more time for other patient-care activities and helped the behavioral counselors develop a better understanding of the pharmacologic aspects involved in the health care of chemically dependent patients. "
2.	Meditation 08/01/2010 - "From a clinical viewpoint, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has shown efficacy for many psychiatric and physical conditions and also for healthy subjects, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is mainly efficacious in reducing relapses of depression in patients with three or more episodes, Zen meditation significantly reduces blood pressure and Vipassana meditation shows efficacy in reducing alcohol and substance abuse in prisoners. " 01/01/2009 - "A brief discussion then integrates the research that has been completed thus far, elucidates the specific ways that meditation may be helpful for substance use disorders, and suggests new avenues for research." 04/01/2014 - "Mindfulness is a growing area of investigation among individuals manifesting substance use disorders, as mindfulness meditation may help to prevent relapse to substance use. " 01/01/1988 - "The effectiveness of Transcendental Meditation (TM) in the prevention and reduction of drug abuse has been documented in many studies in the last 18 years. " 01/01/2014 - "Furthermore, we will relate these hypotheses to the results from research on meditation and effects of drug abuse."
3.	Self Administration (Administration, Self) 09/01/2015 - "This mini-review describes in detail some of the preclinical animal models used to study social contact and drug self-administration to guide future research on social learning and drug abuse. " 09/01/2015 - "Studies using these newer models have revealed several important conclusions regarding the effects of social learning on drug abuse: 1) the presence of a social partner influences drug self-administration, 2) the behavior of a social partner determines whether social contact will increase or decrease drug intake, and 3) social partners can model and imitate specific patterns of drug self-administration. " 10/01/2013 - "These studies demonstrate that heritable strain differences in inhibitory control do influence drug self-administration, thus suggest that genetically driven impulsivity of this type may predispose susceptibility to drug abuse and addiction." 01/01/2011 - "Here we provide examples from this research area, with a focus on fat and sugar self-administration, and how the sophisticated animal models of drug addiction can be used to study the determinants and consequences of food addiction." 01/01/2010 - "Drug self-administration procedures are commonly used to study behavioral and neurochemical changes associated with human drug abuse, addiction and relapse. "
4.	Immunotherapy 11/27/2015 - "It seems that immunotherapy may be an opportunity for effective treatment of drug addiction if directed to adequate candidates for treatment. " 11/27/2015 - "Is immunotherapy an opportunity for effective treatment of drug addiction?" 04/01/2012 - "Immunotherapy is a promising treatment for drug addiction. " 11/01/2014 - "Immunotherapy for drug addiction is being investigated in several laboratories but most studies are conducted in animals of one sex. " 06/01/2012 - "Promising advances have been made in recent years for a unique class of immunotherapies that use vaccination to combat substance-use disorders. "
5.	Self Medication 10/01/2015 - "The self-medication hypothesis assumes that symptoms related to potential monoaminergic deficits in depression may be relieved by drug abuse. " 01/01/2013 - "Symptoms of comorbidity or depression are frequently relieved through self-medication and substance abuse, thus increasing patient health and suicide risk. " 06/01/2015 - "In support of the self-medication hypothesis, data from our earlier clinical study confirmed the strong association between neuroleptic dysphoria and negative subjective responses and comorbid drug abuse. " 07/01/2013 - "Thus, investigations in pharmacies permit drug usage studies both on patients receiving prescribable drugs and using self-medication. " 01/01/2012 - "Studies on the 'self-medication hypothesis' have focused on substance abuse as an attempt to alleviate emotional suffering. "