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Neurobehavioral Manifestations

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Signs and symptoms of higher cortical dysfunction caused by organic conditions. These include certain behavioral alterations and impairments of skills involved in the acquisition, processing, and utilization of knowledge or information.

Also Known As:

Cognitive Manifestations; Neurobehavioral Signs and Symptoms; Cognitive Manifestation; Cognitive Symptom; Manifestation, Cognitive; Manifestation, Neurobehavioral; Manifestations, Cognitive; Manifestations, Neurobehavioral; Neurobehavioral Manifestation; Symptom, Cognitive; Symptoms, Cognitive; Cognitive Symptoms; Signs and Symptoms, Neurobehavioral

Networked: 654 relevant articles (108 outcomes, 82 trials/studies)

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Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox)
2.	Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer's Disease)
3.	Dementia (Dementias)
4.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease)
5.	Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

Experts

1.	Wierońska, Joanna M: 5 articles (09/2015 - 06/2013)
2.	Bruno, Antonio: 5 articles (06/2015 - 08/2013)
3.	Sarter, Martin: 5 articles (07/2014 - 10/2007)
4.	Lane, Hsien-Yuan: 5 articles (01/2014 - 03/2003)
5.	Newton, Julia L: 5 articles (08/2013 - 06/2007)
6.	Javitt, Daniel C: 5 articles (06/2012 - 07/2002)
7.	Schilström, Björn: 4 articles (12/2015 - 01/2007)
8.	Boison, Detlev: 4 articles (12/2015 - 03/2006)
9.	Gruca, Piotr: 4 articles (09/2015 - 06/2013)
10.	Papp, Mariusz: 4 articles (09/2015 - 06/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Neurobehavioral Manifestations:

1.	Antipsychotic Agents (Antipsychotics)IBA 01/01/2006 - "The efficacy of currently marketed antipsychotic agents on the negative and cognitive symptoms of this disease, however, is not optimal. " 01/01/2001 - "There is enough evidence from randomized, double-blind trials to demonstrate efficacy of atypical antipsychotics in improving global psychopathology, positive, negative, affective and cognitive symptoms, as well as preventing relapse during long-term use. " 01/01/2008 - "Atypical antipsychotic drugs offer several notable benefits over typical antipsychotics, including greater improvement in negative symptoms, cognitive function, prevention of deterioration, and quality of life, and fewer extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). " 12/01/2012 - "The relative success of antipsychotics in treating positive symptoms is limited by the fact that a substantial number of patients are refractory to current medications and by their lack of efficacy for negative and cognitive symptoms, which often determine the level of functional impairment. " 06/01/2004 - "The neurotoxicity of conventional antipsychotic drugs has emerged as a potential pathogenic event in extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) and in their limited efficacy for negative-cognitive symptoms in schizophrenic patients. "
2.	Risperidone (Risperdal Consta)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2010 - "Significant (P < 0.05) correlations were found between plasma concentrations of risperidone and improved total BPRS scores, positive and cognitive symptoms. " 10/01/2011 - "These findings suggest that DRD2 polymorphisms are associated with the therapeutic effects of risperidone as they relate to positive symptoms and that plasma drug concentrations are associated with overall symptoms as well as excitement and cognitive symptoms. " 12/01/2004 - "The preliminary results suggest that variations in the DRD2 gene influence risperidone treatment response for positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms, general psychopathology, and social functioning. " 01/01/2000 - "Finally, receiving risperidone, all non-cognitive symptoms and all side-effects completely disappeared. " 01/01/2005 - "Objective Studies have found that the atypical antipsychotic drug, risperidone, reduces non-cognitive symptoms, such as aggression, agitation, and psychosis, in patients with Alzheimer's disease. "
3.	olanzapine (Zyprexa)FDA Link 01/01/2007 - "The scores of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms did not differ between the two groups, but patients treated with olanzapine had significantly lower scores on the excitement and depression/anxiety components of the PANSS. " 01/01/2014 - "Both amisulpride and olanzapine group patients showed significant improvement in negative and cognitive symptoms from baseline to endpoint, but there was no significant difference between amisulpride and olanzapine group of patients." 05/01/2006 - "Olanzapine treatment was found to have significantly better effects than typical agents on negative and depressive symptom scores, and significantly greater improvements than risperidone on negative and cognitive symptoms. " 12/01/2001 - "The greatest improvement in both manic and cognitive symptoms was seen in the olanzapine-treated 'currently manic' subgroup, and least improvement in the haloperidol-treated 'euthymic' subgroup. " 12/01/2002 - "In psychiatric patients, haloperidol (HAL) induces a number of adverse extrapyramidal and cognitive symptoms, which appear to be less problematic with olanzapine (OLZ). "
4.	Cholinesterase Inhibitors (Anticholinesterases)IBA 01/01/2007 - "The effects of potential mediators and confounders (demographic factors, neuropsychiatric symptoms, cognitive severity and cholinesterase inhibitors) were also examined. " 06/01/2005 - "Cholinesterase inhibitors have a moderate effect against cognitive symptoms. " 01/01/1998 - "Clinical pharmacologic approaches toward improvement of cognitive symptoms are discussed, with an emphasis on cholinergic approaches, since they currently appear most promising and since several cholinesterase inhibitors may soon be available for prescribing. " 07/01/2007 - "Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are effective in the treatment of cognitive symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). " 11/01/2002 - "Anticholinesterases are known to be effective against cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but their effect on the personality changes in the disease is not known. "
5.	Clozapine (Clozaril)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2002 - "More importantly, preliminary clinical studies with the most advanced member of this class, CX-516(Cortex Pharmaceuticals Inc), indicate beneficial action on negative and cognitive symptoms as an add-on treatment t o clozapine. " 01/01/2014 - "In terms of OC symptom profile, the clozapine group scored highest on the Doubting scale, a cognitive symptom whereas the OCD group scored highest on Washing, a behavioural symptom. " 01/01/2013 - "The negative symptom dimension, with its protean cognitive manifestations, responds poorly to treatment, which can be a particular challenge in countries where clozapine therapy is not available. " 09/01/1997 - "There is preclinical evidence to suggest that, in each area investigated (low incidence of neurological side effects, negative symptoms, cognitive symptoms), clozapine, a "dirty" drug, acts on different neurotransmission systems. " 02/01/2011 - "Clozapine, which is the most effective treatment option for treatment-refractory schizophrenia, has been reported to have both positive and negative effects on specific cognitive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and in animal models of cognition. "
6.	Cholinesterases (Cholinesterase)IBA 10/01/2011 - "There is evidence from a modest number of well-conducted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that various nonpharmacological approaches, including cognitive training, cognitive rehabilitation, and cognitive stimulation therapy (CST), confer modest but significant benefits in the treatment of cognitive symptoms in people with AD, and that there may be additive benefits in combination with cholinesterase inhibitor therapy. " 03/04/2003 - "Currently available cholinesterase inhibition therapy targets the cognitive symptoms. " 01/01/1976 - "Clinical reports and laboratory investigations have generally supported the assumption that neurobehavioral manifestations of organophosphate toxicity are attributable to accumulation of acetylcholine at central and peripheral synapses as a result of cholinesterase inhibition. " 11/01/1999 - "Metrifonate is an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor effective in the treatment of the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and currently under review by the U.S. " 01/01/1996 - "The present study examines the safety and efficacy of the centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitor, velnacrine, in treating the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. "
7.	rivastigmine (Exelon)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2005 - "Rivastigmine has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in stabilizing or improving the cognitive symptoms of AD in 3 large, well-controlled, randomized clinical trials, which also demonstrated that rivastig mine improves overall global functioning. " 07/01/2011 - "Finally, we justificate the usage of rivastigmine as the choice of treatment in these cases which onset is mainly composed by cognitive symptoms. " 07/01/2009 - "Efficacy of rivastigmine for cognitive symptoms in Parkinson disease with dementia." 02/01/2011 - "Cholinesterase inhibitors, especially rivastigmine, are a therapeutic alternative for treating both psychotic and cognitive symptoms in both conditions. " 09/01/2013 - "Recent studies suggest that rivastigmine (an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) is important to improve the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. "
8.	Haloperidol (Haldol)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2010 - "haloperidol) are effective against psychotic/positive symptoms, but less so against negative/cognitive symptoms. " 03/01/2007 - "However, haloperidol treatment has also been reported to exacerbate preexisting negative symptoms/cognitive deficits and the severity of these deficits has been correlated with white matter pathology in schizophrenia. " 12/01/2001 - "The greatest improvement in both manic and cognitive symptoms was seen in the olanzapine-treated 'currently manic' subgroup, and least improvement in the haloperidol-treated 'euthymic' subgroup. " 12/01/2002 - "In psychiatric patients, haloperidol (HAL) induces a number of adverse extrapyramidal and cognitive symptoms, which appear to be less problematic with olanzapine (OLZ). " 12/01/2001 - "A significant treatment difference was detected overall, indicating that olanzapine was significantly more effective than haloperidol in reducing symptoms of depression and improving patients' cognitive symptoms. "
9.	donepezil (Aricept)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2011 - "Donepezil, an acetylcholinesteraze inhibitor, has proven effect on cognitive symptoms in patients with AD. " 03/01/2008 - "Donepezil is the drug most frequently used to treat cognitive symptoms in Alzheimer disease. " 05/01/2007 - "Officially approved for mild-to-moderate and severe AD, donepezil has also been shown to be effective in early-stage AD, vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease dementia/Lewy body disease and cognitive symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis. " 04/01/2005 - "This review was conducted in order to determine the efficacy of donepezil and galantamine in the treatment of cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, and also to determine whether galantamine was a superior pharmacological intervention. " 04/01/2005 - "A comparison of donepezil and galantamine in the treatment of cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis."
10.	Serine (L-Serine)FDA Link 12/01/1998 - "Patients who received D-serine treatment revealed significant improvements in their positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms as well as some performance in WCST. " 06/01/2012 - "A multicenter, add-on randomized controlled trial of low-dose d-serine for negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia." 01/01/2011 - "D-serine was reported to improve negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, symptoms poorly addressed by the standard D2 antagonist therapies. " 03/01/2010 - "Genetically modified mice with aberrant NMDAR D-serine/glycine site function model certain features of the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, and similar behavioral abnormalities have been observed in other candidate genes models. " 02/01/2010 - "Thus, an increased level of D-serine resulting from decreased catalysis corrected the performance of mice with deficient NMDAR glycine site activation in behavioral tasks relevant to the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 03/01/2010 - "His visual symptoms improved markedly after anti-inflammatory therapy and his cognitive symptoms were mildly better following systemic chemotherapy. " 08/01/2011 - "Although the consensus statement focuses on medication, psychological interventions can be effective in addition to pharmacotherapy, both for cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms. " 12/01/2015 - "More participants who received chemotherapy had cognitive symptoms at 6 months (32%) versus those who did not (16%; P = .007), with no significant difference at 12 months (29% v 21%, respectively; P = .19). " 01/01/2012 - "The QLiS comprises 52 items (plus 2 optional items related to work) in 12 subscales: social contacts, appreciation by others, relationship to family, appraisal of pharmacotherapy, appraisal of psychopathological symptoms, cognitive functioning, abilities to manage daily living, appraisal of accommodation/housing, financial situation, leading a 'normal' life, confidence, general life-satisfaction. " 05/01/2003 - "This paper reviews current literature on low neuropsychologic performance following systemic chemotherapy and hypotheses on the causes of cognitive symptoms following chemotherapy. "
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/2003 - "Both somatic and affective/ cognitive symptoms of depression improved in a similar manner after treatment. " 04/01/2013 - "Both the depressive and cognitive symptoms improve with standard SSRI treatment, but individuals with comorbid MCI have more residual depressive and cognitive symptoms after treatment. " 04/01/2013 - "After treatment depressed patients with and without comorbid MCI both had significant improvements in their depressive and cognitive symptoms, but those with MCI had more residual symptoms. " 10/01/2000 - "After treatment of neurosyphilis, steady improvements were noted in psychotic and cognitive symptoms. " 12/01/1992 - "Neurobehavioral manifestations in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome before and after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure."
3.	Oral Administration 09/01/2009 - "The maximum antipsychotic effect of dilept upon oral administration was observed for a dose of 16 mg/kg. The ability of dilept to eliminate the PSI deficiency in the acoustic startle reflex test on the model of glutamate-negative psychosis in rats can be considered as a prognostic sign for the drug efficiency with respect to the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia and autism manifestations. " 01/01/2013 - "Cellular concentrations of D-serine are regulated by synthesis due to the enzyme serine racemase (isomerization reaction) and by degradation due to the same enzyme(elimination reaction) as well as by the FAD-containing flavoenzyme D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO, oxidative deamination reaction).Several findings have linked low levels of D-serine to schizophrenia: D-serine concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid have been reported to be decreased in schizophrenia patients while human DAAO activity and expression are increased; oral administration of D-serine improved positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia as add-on therapy to typical and atypical antipsychotics.This" 05/15/2010 - "Since oral administration of d-alanine, an agonist that binds to the glycine site of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, improves the positive and cognitive symptoms of patients with schizophrenia, measurement of endogenous plasma alanine levels could serve as a clinical marker for schizophrenia severity and improvement. "
4.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 04/01/2010 - "In the patients who received whole-body irradiation, we observed a significant improvement in both MADRS score and cognitive-symptom score after the completion of phototherapy. " 02/01/2008 - "However, in addition to sleep improvement, bright light therapy may be used to reduce unwanted behavioral and cognitive symptoms associated with dementia and depression in the elderly."
5.	Institutionalization (Institutionalized Persons) 11/01/1999 - "The non cognitive symptoms, with a high frequency in dementia, mean a larger clinical severity, an increment of institutionalization and a larger carer's emotional burden. " 01/01/2006 - "1) To establish the efficacy of metrifonate for patients with Alzheimer's disease, in terms of cognition, global impression, functional activity, non cognitive symptoms, rate of institutionalization and mortality.2) Assess the safety and tolerability of metrifonate. "