Abstract |
Lithium augmentation (LA) of antidepressants is a first-line therapy in treatment-resistant depression. Immunomodulatory effects of lithium have been described. The cytokine hypothesis of depression postulates that cytokines play a key role in the pathophysiology of depression. Concordantly, it has been shown that proinflammatory cytokine serum levels decrease during antidepressant treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in cytokine serum levels during LA. Serum concentrations of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interferon-gamma, granulocyte and monocyte colony stimulating factor were measured in a total of 95 acutely depressed patients before and after four weeks of LA. Changes in cytokine levels were corrected for the confounding factors severity of depression, treatment response, lithium serum level, gender, age and body mass index in a linear mixed-model analysis. We did not find a significant change in any of the measured cytokine serum levels during LA (p > 0.05). In conclusion, our study does not support the role of cytokine serum levels as a state marker in treatment of depression with LA.
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Authors | Roland Ricken, Marlene Busche, Peter Schlattmann, Hubertus Himmerich, Sandra Bopp, Tom Bschor, Christoph Richter, Thomas J Stamm, Andreas Heinz, Rainer Hellweg, Undine E Lang, Mazda Adli |
Journal | Journal of psychiatric research
(J Psychiatr Res)
Vol. 96
Pg. 203-208
(01 2018)
ISSN: 1879-1379 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 29101798
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd. |
Chemical References |
- Antidepressive Agents
- Cytokines
- Lithium Compounds
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Topics |
- Age Factors
- Antidepressive Agents
(therapeutic use)
- Body Mass Index
- Cytokines
(blood)
- Depressive Disorder, Major
(blood, drug therapy)
- Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant
(blood, drug therapy)
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Humans
- Linear Models
- Lithium Compounds
(therapeutic use)
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prospective Studies
- Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
- Severity of Illness Index
- Sex Factors
- Treatment Outcome
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