Clinical and forensic signs related to chemical burns: a mechanistic approach.

Abstract

This manuscript highlights and critically analyses clinical and forensic signs related to chemical burns. Signs that may lead to suspicion of a particular chemical are thoroughly discussed regarding its underlying mechanisms. Burns due to sulfuric, hydrofluoric, nitric, hydrochloric (muriatic) and acetic (including derivatives) acids, hydrogen sulphide, sodium (caustic soda) and calcium (cement) hydroxides, paraquat, burns after inflation and rupture of airbags, povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine/alcohol (in preterm infants), laxatives, and vesicants (warfare agents), will be reviewed since these are the most common agents found in daily practice, for which relevant and timed information may be helpful in formulating an emergency treatment protocols and toxicological analysis.

• Authors: Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira, Félix Carvalho, Roxana Moreira, Jorge Brandão Proença, Agostinho Santos, José Alberto Duarte, Maria de Lourdes Bastos, Teresa Magalhães
• Journal: Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries (Burns) Vol. 41 Issue 4 Pg. 658-79 (Jun 2015) ISSN: 1879-1409 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 25280586 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Acids
• Air Pollutants
• Anti-Infective Agents, Local
• Bone Cements
• Caustics
• Chemical Warfare Agents
• Explosive Agents
• Herbicides
• Irritants
• Laxatives
• Nitric Acid
• Sodium Hydroxide
• Povidone-Iodine
• Calcium Hydroxide
• Paraquat
• Acetic Acid
• Hydrochloric Acid
• Chlorhexidine
• Hydrogen Sulfide

Topics

• Acetic Acid (adverse effects)
• Acids (adverse effects)
• Air Bags (adverse effects)
• Air Pollutants (adverse effects)
• Anti-Infective Agents, Local (adverse effects)
• Bone Cements (adverse effects)
• Burns, Chemical (etiology, pathology)
• Calcium Hydroxide (adverse effects)
• Caustics (adverse effects)
• Chemical Warfare Agents (adverse effects)
• Chlorhexidine (adverse effects)
• Explosive Agents (adverse effects)
• Forensic Medicine
• Herbicides (adverse effects)
• Humans
• Hydrochloric Acid (adverse effects)
• Hydrogen Sulfide (adverse effects)
• Irritants (adverse effects)
• Laxatives (adverse effects)
• Nitric Acid (adverse effects)
• Paraquat (adverse effects)
• Povidone-Iodine (adverse effects)
• Sodium Hydroxide (adverse effects)