Human papillomavirus DNA prevalence and type distribution in anal carcinomas worldwide.

Abstract

Knowledge about human papillomaviruses (HPV) types involved in anal cancers in some world regions is scanty. Here, we describe the HPV DNA prevalence and type distribution in a series of invasive anal cancers and anal intraepithelial neoplasias (AIN) grades 2/3 from 24 countries. We analyzed 43 AIN 2/3 cases and 496 anal cancers diagnosed from 1986 to 2011. After histopathological evaluation of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, HPV DNA detection and genotyping was performed using SPF-10/DEIA/LiPA25 system (version 1). A subset of 116 cancers was further tested for p16(INK4a) expression, a cellular surrogate marker for HPV-associated transformation. Prevalence ratios were estimated using multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance in the anal cancer data set. HPV DNA was detected in 88.3% of anal cancers (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.1-91.0%) and in 95.3% of AIN 2/3 (95% CI: 84.2-99.4%). Among cancers, the highest prevalence was observed in warty-basaloid subtype of squamous cell carcinomas, in younger patients and in North American geographical region. There were no statistically significant differences in prevalence by gender. HPV16 was the most frequent HPV type detected in both cancers (80.7%) and AIN 2/3 lesions (75.4%). HPV18 was the second most common type in invasive cancers (3.6%). p16(INK4a) overexpression was found in 95% of HPV DNA-positive anal cancers. In view of the results of HPV DNA and high proportion of p16(INK4a) overexpression, infection by HPV is most likely to be a necessary cause for anal cancers in both men and women. The large contribution of HPV16 reinforces the potential impact of HPV vaccines in the prevention of these lesions.

• Authors: Laia Alemany, Maëlle Saunier, Isabel Alvarado-Cabrero, Beatriz Quirós, Jorge Salmeron, Hai-Rim Shin, Edyta C Pirog, Núria Guimerà, Gustavo Hernandez-Suarez, Ana Felix, Omar Clavero, Belen Lloveras, Elena Kasamatsu, Marc T Goodman, Brenda Y Hernandez, Jan Laco, Leopoldo Tinoco, Daan T Geraets, Charles F Lynch, Vaclav Mandys, Mario Poljak, Robert Jach, Josep Verge, Christine Clavel, Cathy Ndiaye, JoEllen Klaustermeier, Antonio Cubilla, Xavier Castellsagué, Ignacio G Bravo, Michael Pawlita, William G Quint, Nubia Muñoz, Francesc X Bosch, Silvia de Sanjosé, HPV VVAP Study Group
• Journal: International journal of cancer (Int J Cancer) Vol. 136 Issue 1 Pg. 98-107 (Jan 01 2015) ISSN: 1097-0215 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 24817381 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2014 UICC.

Chemical References

• Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
• DNA, Viral

Topics

• Aged
• Anus Neoplasms (epidemiology, metabolism, virology)
• Carcinoma, Squamous Cell (epidemiology, metabolism, virology)
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 (metabolism)
• DNA, Viral (genetics)
• Female
• Human papillomavirus 16 (genetics)
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Papillomavirus Infections (epidemiology, metabolism, virology)
• Poisson Distribution
• Prevalence
• Retrospective Studies