Formaldehyde (Formol)

A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717)

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Networked: 12883 relevant articles (268 outcomes, 1531 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Granados-Soto, Vinicio: 25 articles (10/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Butkevich, I P: 22 articles (07/2015 - 06/2001)
3.	Ross, Jeffrey S: 21 articles (08/2015 - 03/2002)
4.	Fountzilas, George: 20 articles (07/2015 - 01/2008)
5.	Höfler, Heinz: 20 articles (11/2014 - 09/2002)
6.	Yoon, Myung Ha: 19 articles (04/2015 - 09/2003)
7.	Cheng, Liang: 18 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)
8.	Becker, Karl-Friedrich: 16 articles (11/2014 - 11/2002)
9.	Maione, Sabatino: 16 articles (09/2014 - 06/2002)
10.	Tamaddonfard, Esmaeal: 15 articles (10/2015 - 08/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches) 10/15/2012 - "Relative to the NTg controls, GET-1 mice displayed a marked decrease in pain-like behavioral responses during the second phase of formalin-induced pain (i.e., 15-20 min after injection), whereas the responses elicited in TET-1 mice were unaltered. " 01/01/2010 - "The results indicated that II produces higher analgesic effects in the tail immersion test compared to the PCP and control groups, with a marked and significant increase in tail immersion latency for the doses 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg. The formalin test showed that PD (II) is not effective in acute chemical pain (phase I, 0-5 min after injection) in all doses but chronic pain (initial-phase II, 15-40 min after injection) is significantly attenuated by this compound compared to PCP and saline (control) in dosesof 5 and 10 mg/kg. It is concluded that II is effective in acute thermal (in all doses) and chronic (doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg) pains; however, it is not effective in acute chemical pain compared to PCP and control." 05/01/2014 - "In the formalin-induced paw lick test, the extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses exhibited good analgesic activity characterized by a significant reduction in the number of paw licks at both the early and the late phases of the induced pain when compared with the untreated control group. " 01/01/2012 - "Hydroalcoholic extracts also significantly reduced pain responses in early and late phases of the formalin test whereas the polyphenolic extract and essential oil were only effective in the late phase of the formalin test. " 02/01/2010 - "The order of testing had no effect on the pain response--there were no differences between the numbers of flexion + shaking patterns in either prenatally stressed rat pups or unstressed animals; measures of the pain response were significantly greater in the sequence in which the formalin test was followed by the Porsolt test in prenatally stressed individuals as compared with unstressed animals. "
2.	Infection 01/01/2013 - "In this study, we demonstrated a novel mechanism by which CHS suppressed both Th1 and Th2 immune responses and dramatically decreased the protective efficacy of the formalin-inactivated H5N1 vaccine against H5N1 influenza virus infection. " 08/25/2001 - "Both companies used a cleaning and disinfection regime which included the application of a spray of phenolic disinfectant followed by fogging with formaldehyde solution, and this was highly effective in preventing carry-over of infection in the broiler houses. " 01/10/2008 - "Recently, it has been shown that formalin-killed Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) delivered with the liposomal adjuvant NAX687 imparted significant protection against Mycobacterium bovis infection in the guinea pig aerosol infection model. " 06/01/1990 - "Formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine-enhanced lung histopathology developed despite the effective elimination of virus and virus-infected cells suggesting that the enhanced pathology is the result of an exaggeration of normal immune mechanisms involved in clearance of virus infection, an aberrant immune response during infection, or both." 12/05/2014 - "Efficacy of a formalin-inactivated vaccine against Streptococcus iniae infection in the farmed grouper Epinephelus coioides by intraperitoneal immunization."
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2001 - "In negative 10% formalin-fixed tissues, microwave treatment improved the positivity of 654-1-stained cancer cells. " 06/01/1994 - "We describe here an improved technique for interphase FISH analysis of tumors that have been extensively fixed in formalin. " 12/01/1989 - "In a pilot study, we demonstrated improvement in tumor definition and staining characteristics after formalin fixation of cryostat sections (postfixation) when compared with unfixed specimens. " 01/01/1988 - "Eubacterium lentum (TYH-11), Propionibacterium acnes (TYM-28), Proteus mirabilis (TYM-7) and Serratia marcescens (TY-142), in which antitumor activity was recognized with living and formalin-killed bacteria, cured the tumor-bearing mice, and the culture supernatant of S. " 01/01/2013 - "Further study is warranted to confirm long-term effects of the formalin and to exclude possible complications, especially secondary anorectal cancer."
4.	Proctitis 04/01/2007 - "APC is probably less effective in very severe cases of hemorrhagic radiation proctitis; in these cases topical formalin or a combination of APC and topical formalin can be useful. " 06/01/2005 - "Although formalin instillation has been proven to be an effective treatment of hemorrhagic radiation proctitis, different techniques with varying success rates have been reported. " 01/01/2003 - "Local application of 4% formaldehyde for the treatment of haemorrhagic radiation-induced proctitis gives good results, is well tolerated and easy to perform. " 02/01/2013 - "According to a revision of the literature and our experience, despite the small number of patients in our trial, we can state that the application of 4 % formalin solution is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated treatment for chronic radiation-induced hemorrhagic proctitis with minimal discomfort and no severe complications." 10/01/2010 - "Local instillation of 4% formalin is an effective treatment for uncontrolled radiation induced haemorrhagic proctitis."
5.	Hyperalgesia 01/01/2012 - "SA is effective in reducing formalin-induced mechanical allodynia and spinal neuronal hyperactivity. " 10/01/2011 - "These results establish the analgesic efficacy of intrathecal chromaffin cells on formalin-induced secondary allodynia. " 02/28/2015 - "The current study investigated the role of cannabinoid (CB1 and CB2) receptors in modulating formalin-induced nociceptive behavior and mechanical allodynia in the rat. " 10/01/2013 - "The present study demonstrates that intramuscular formalin evokes biphasic muscle nociception, and that bilateral secondary mechanical hyperalgesia and heat hypoalgesia are differentially controlled by endogenous descending facilitation and inhibition respectively. " 10/11/2012 - "In the present study we determined the role of spinal 5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT) and 5-HT(4/6/7) receptors in the long-term secondary mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by formalin in the rat. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Paraffin
2.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
3.	Acetic Acid (Vinegar)
4.	Ethyl Ether (Ether)
5.	Antigens
6.	Antibodies
7.	Carrageenan
8.	Vaccines
9.	Morphine (MS Contin)
10.	Streptozocin (Streptozotocin)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Ligation
2.	Enema (Enemas)
3.	Analgesia
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
5.	Lasers (Laser)