Decreased insulin clearance in individuals with elevated 1-h post-load plasma glucose levels.

Abstract

Reduced insulin clearance has been shown to predict the development of type 2 diabetes. Recently, it has been suggested that plasma glucose concentrations ≥ 8.6 mmol/l (155 mg/dl) at 1 h during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) can identify individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes among those who have normal glucose tolerance (NGT 1 h-high). The aim of this study was to examine whether NGT 1 h-high have a decrease in insulin clearance, as compared with NGT individuals with 1-h post-load glucose <8.6 mmol/l (l (155 mg/dl, NGT 1 h-low). To this end, 438 non-diabetic White individuals were subjected to OGTT and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp to evaluate insulin clearance and insulin sensitivity. As compared with NGT 1 h-low individuals, NGT 1 h-high had significantly higher 1-h and 2-h post-load plasma glucose and 2-h insulin levels as well as higher fasting glucose and insulin levels. NGT 1 h-high exhibited also a significant decrease in both insulin sensitivity (P<0.0001) and insulin clearance (P = 0.006) after adjusting for age, gender, adiposity measures, and insulin sensitivity. The differences in insulin clearance remained significant after adjustment for fasting glucose (P = 0.02) in addition to gender, age, and BMI. In univariate analyses adjusted for gender and age, insulin clearance was inversely correlated with body weight, body mass index, waist, fat mass, 1-h and 2-h post-load glucose levels, fasting, 1-h and 2-h post-load insulin levels, and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. In conclusion, our data show that NGT 1 h-high have a reduction in insulin clearance as compared with NGT 1 h-low individuals; this suggests that impaired insulin clearance may contribute to sustained fasting and post-meal hyperinsulinemia.

• Authors: Maria Adelaide Marini, Simona Frontoni, Elena Succurro, Franco Arturi, Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino, Angela Sciacqua, Marta Letizia Hribal, Francesco Perticone, Giorgio Sesti
• Journal: PloS one (PLoS One) Vol. 8 Issue 10 Pg. e77440 ( 2013) ISSN: 1932-6203 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 24194886 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Biomarkers
• Blood Glucose
• Insulin

Topics

• Age Factors
• Biomarkers (blood)
• Blood Glucose (metabolism)
• Body Mass Index
• Body Weight
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (diagnosis)
• Female
• Glucose Tolerance Test (standards)
• Humans
• Insulin (blood)
• Italy
• Linear Models
• Male
• Postprandial Period (physiology)
• Sex Factors
• Time Factors