Sirt1 is a
NAD(+)-dependent class III deacetylase that functions as a cellular energy sensor. In addition to its well-characterized effects in peripheral tissues, emerging evidence suggests that neuronal
Sirt1 activity plays a role in the central regulation of energy balance and
glucose metabolism. To assess this idea, we generated
Sirt1 neuron-specific knockout (SINKO) mice. On both standard chow and HFD, SINKO mice were more
insulin sensitive than
Sirt1(f/f) mice. Thus, SINKO mice had lower fasting
insulin levels, improved
glucose tolerance and
insulin tolerance, and enhanced systemic
insulin sensitivity during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies. Hypothalamic
insulin sensitivity of SINKO mice was also increased over controls, as assessed by hypothalamic activation of PI3K, phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO1 following systemic
insulin injection. Intracerebroventricular injection of
insulin led to a greater systemic effect to improve
glucose tolerance and
insulin sensitivity in SINKO mice compared with controls. In line with the in vivo results,
insulin-induced AKT and FoxO1 phosphorylation were potentiated by inhibition of
Sirt1 in a cultured hypothalamic cell line. Mechanistically, this effect was traced to a reduced effect of
Sirt1 to directly deacetylate and repress IRS-1 function. The enhanced central
insulin signaling in SINKO mice was accompanied by increased
insulin receptor signal transduction in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. In summary, we conclude that neuronal
Sirt1 negatively regulates hypothalamic
insulin signaling, leading to systemic
insulin resistance. Interventions that reduce neuronal
Sirt1 activity have the potential to improve systemic
insulin action and limit
weight gain on an obesigenic diet.