To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying
estrogen-mediated cardioprotection in left ventricular (LV)
hypertrophy and remodeling, we analyzed myocardial
hypertrophy as well as cardiac function and
hypertrophy-related
protein expression in ovariectomized, aortic-banded rats. Wistar rats subjected to
bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) were further treated with abdominal
aortic stenosis. Effects on LV morphology and function were assessed using echocardiography, and expression of
protein levels was determined by Western blot analysis. The heart-to-
body weight ratio was most significantly increased in the OVX-pressure overload (PO) group compared with the OVX group and in the PO group compared with
sham. The LV weight-to-
body weight ratio was also significantly increased in the OVX-PO group compared with the OVX group and in the PO group compared with
sham. The most significant increases in LV end diastolic pressure, LV developed pressure, and +/-dp/dt(max) were observed in the OVX-PO group compared with the OVX group and represent compensatory phenotypes against
hypertrophy. Both endothelial
nitric oxide (eNOS) synthase expression and activity was markedly reduced in the OVX-PO group, and
protein kinase B (Akt) activity was largely attenuated. Marked breakdown of
dystrophin was also seen in hearts of OVX-PO groups. Finally, significantly increased mortality was observed in the OVX-PO group following chronic
isoproterenol administration. Our results demonstrate that rats subjected to
ovariectomy are unable to compensate for
hypertrophy, showed deteriorated heart function, and demonstrated increased mortality. Simultaneous impairment of eNOS and Akt activities and reduced
dystrophin by
ovariectomy likely contribute to cardiac decompensation during PO-induced
hypertrophy in ovariectomized rats.