salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)

09/01/2013 - "Current evidence of low and very low quality suggests that low frequency (≤100 Hz) pulsed subsensory threshold electrical stimulation produced either through PEMF/PES vs sham PEMF/PES is effective in improving physical function but not pain intensity at treatment completion in adults with knee OA blinded to treatment. "
02/01/2014 - "Previously, the effect of transcutaneous pulsed radiofrequency treatment (TCPRFT) was evaluated in a retrospective audit that showed good pain relief for a mean 395 days and justified this randomized sham controlled trial. "
01/01/2013 - "Low-quality evidence from single trials suggested that adding a rigid belt to exercise improved average pain but not function; acupuncture was significantly better than sham acupuncture for improving evening pain and function, but not average pain; and evening pain relief was the same following either deep or superficial acupuncture. "
09/01/2012 - "Three trials that compared acupuncture with sham acupuncture reported no significant difference in pain reduction between the groups but one out of two reported an improvement in patient global assessment. "
08/01/2006 - "To date, there has been no successful clinical study focused on establishing the efficacy of neurostimulation for pain and incorporating sufficient numbers of participants, matched control groups, sham stimulation, randomization, prospectively defined end points, and methods for controlling experimental bias. "

01/01/2010 - "Study showed marked overall improvement in physical condition of vaccinated goats and average body weight gain was significantly higher (P < .05) in "Bison" group as compared to "Sham-immunized" goats. "
07/01/2013 - "DJB improved the OGTT significantly (P < 0.001) compared with sham-operated rats while body weight was not different among the surgical groups. "
03/15/2013 - "Accordingly, WBV did not significantly alter plantar H-reflex, lesion volume, serotonergic input to the lumbar spinal cord, nor cholinergic or glutamatergic inputs to lumbar motoneurons at 12 weeks after SCI. However, compared to sham, WBV14, but not WBV7, significantly improved body weight support (rump-height index) during overground locomotion and overall recovery between 6-12 weeks and also restored the density of synaptic terminals in the lumbar spinal cord at 12 weeks. "
10/01/2012 - "However, BAT mitochondrial O2 consumption significantly increased by swimming training in both sham and Ox groups, indicating that Ox BAT mitochondria responds normally to exercise stimulus, but does not result in a significant reduction of body weight. "
11/01/2009 - "Specifically, IL-17-neutralized mice exhibited significantly greater body weight loss, higher organism growth, and much more severe pathological changes in the lung compared with sham-treated control mice. "

05/05/2004 - "Recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) of ischemic hearts treated with CSIL at 1 min of ischemia, assessed at 5 min of reperfusion (98 +/- 14%), was similar to that of sham-operated hearts (100%) but was significantly greater than that of placebo-treated hearts (12 +/- 7%, p = 0.01). "
04/01/2004 - "When beta-AR is being activated during ischemia, the infarct size was significantly greater in Ovx than in the sham and Ovx + E(2) rats. "
12/01/1992 - "Ischemia and reperfusion (n = 10) was associated with an increase in CK (6,380 +/- 1,346 U/L, p < 0.05) and LDH (552 +/- 76 U/L, p < 0.05) activities which were significantly greater than those observed in sham-operated control animals (CK 1,651 +/- 207 U/L, LDH 246 +/- 14 U/L; n = 6). "
12/01/1990 - "Intestinal ischemia for 120 minutes was associated with TNF elevation to 1.19 +/- 0.50 U/mL. Reperfusion for periods of 15 and 30 minutes generated 5- to 10-fold increases in circulating TNF levels (6.61 +/- 3.11 U/mL, p greater than 0.05 and 10.41 +/- 5.41 U/mL, p = 0.004 compared to sham); however this increase in circulating TNF was transient and largely cleared within 60 minutes after initiating reperfusion. "
03/01/2010 - "Likewise, the number of adherent leukocytes in sinusoids (150.8 +/- 10.9% of s.o.) was reduced in the treatment group (117.3 +/- 12.2%; p < 0.05 vs ischemia), leading to an improvement in perfusion rate in this group (85.0 +/- 4.6% of sham group) compared to nontreated animals (57.5 +/- 10.8%; p < 0.05). "

04/01/2014 - "Facial nerve stimulation caused a significant improvement in perfusion in the hemisphere affected by ischemic stroke and a reduction in ischemic core volume in comparison to sham stimulation control. "
01/01/2009 - "However, in stroke patients, tDCS led to a significant improvement in response accuracy at 1 hour post-stimulation relative to baseline, and this improvement was maintained until 3 hours post-stimulation (P< 0.05), whereas sham stimulation did not lead to a significant improvement in response accuracy (P> 0.05). "
11/01/2006 - "We report a case of a stroke patient with a severe motor impairment who underwent sham and active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the unaffected hemisphere and had significantly improved motor function after active, but not after sham, stimulation of the unaffected primary motor cortex. "
02/01/2003 - "At 3 months, however, a larger percentage of the sham patients had a good outcome defined by their stroke scores compared with the HBO group (NIHSS, 80% versus 31.3%; P=0.04; Barthel Index, 81.8% versus 50%; P=0.12; modified Rankin Scale, 81.8% versus 31.3%; P=0.02; Glasgow Outcome Scale, 90.9% versus 37.5%; P=0.01) with loss of statistical significance in a intent-to-treat analysis. "
09/01/2013 - "A brief course of 2 types of tDCS stimulation is superior to sham stimulation in enhancing the effect of rehabilitation training to improve motor recovery after stroke."

06/01/2001 - "Apoptosis in the gastric tumors was detected by the TUNEL method to assess the efficacy of HSV-TK / GCV gene therapy, and it was marked in the 8- and 30-day treatment groups compared to the sham operation controls (P < 0.001). "
01/01/2015 - "Treatment with pre-resectional RFA significantly delayed tumor growth and improved overall survival compared to sham surgery, RFA, or resection alone. "
01/01/2015 - "Surprisingly, LDIR-treated F1Bx cohort significantly reduced incidence of mammary tumors from Trp53-/- fragments as well as prolonged tumor latency, compared to sham-treated controls. "
02/01/1989 - "With five daily 1-hr occlusions of the hepatic artery, rats benefited from significantly reduced tumor growth rates compared with controls that underwent sham operation (P less than 0.05). "
01/01/2015 - "Suicide gene therapy using mOct4(-) BM-MAPCs as cellular carriers was effective in reducing the tumor size in the majority of the GCV-treated animals leading to a longer progression-free survival compared to sham-operated animals. "