Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.

Abstract

CONTEXT:

Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that higher coffee consumption may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE:

To examine the association between habitual coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes and related outcomes.

DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION:

We searched MEDLINE through January 2005 and examined the reference lists of the retrieved articles. Because this review focuses on studies of habitual coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, we excluded studies of type 1 diabetes, animal studies, and studies of short-term exposure to coffee or caffeine, leaving 15 epidemiological studies (cohort or cross-sectional).

DATA EXTRACTION:

Information on study design, participant characteristics, measurement of coffee consumption and outcomes, adjustment for potential confounders, and estimates of associations was abstracted independently by 2 investigators.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

We identified 9 cohort studies of coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, including 193 473 participants and 8394 incident cases of type 2 diabetes, and calculated summary relative risks (RRs) using a random-effects model. The RR of type 2 diabetes was 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-0.78) for the highest (>or=6 or >or=7 cups per day) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.62-0.83) for the second highest (4-6 cups per day) category of coffee consumption compared with the lowest consumption category (0 or <or=2 cups per day). These associations did not differ substantially by sex, obesity, or region (United States and Europe). In the cross-sectional studies conducted in northern Europe, southern Europe, and Japan, higher coffee consumption was consistently associated with a lower prevalence of newly detected hyperglycemia, particularly postprandial hyperglycemia.

CONCLUSIONS:

This systematic review supports the hypothesis that habitual coffee consumption is associated with a substantially lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Longer-term intervention studies of coffee consumption and glucose metabolism are warranted to examine the mechanisms underlying the relationship between coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes.

• Authors: Rob M van Dam, Frank B Hu
• Journal: JAMA (JAMA) Vol. 294 Issue 1 Pg. 97-104 (Jul 06 2005) ISSN: 1538-3598 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 15998896 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Review, Systematic Review)

Chemical References

• Coffee

Topics

• Coffee
• Cohort Studies
• Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (prevention & control)
• Female
• Glucose Intolerance (prevention & control)
• Humans
• Male
• Risk