Caffeine (No Doz)

A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.

Also Known As:

Networked: 5076 relevant articles (316 outcomes, 781 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Conney, Allan H: 19 articles (01/2013 - 01/2002)
2.	Balkin, Thomas J: 16 articles (10/2014 - 01/2002)
3.	Lu, Yao-Ping: 15 articles (01/2014 - 01/2002)
4.	Tsuchiya, Hiroyuki: 15 articles (11/2013 - 11/2002)
5.	Bairam, Aida: 14 articles (11/2015 - 04/2006)
6.	Lou, You-Rong: 14 articles (01/2014 - 01/2002)
7.	Schmidt, Barbara: 13 articles (11/2015 - 01/2005)
8.	Kamimori, Gary H: 13 articles (10/2014 - 08/2004)
9.	Schwarzschild, Michael A: 13 articles (03/2013 - 09/2002)
10.	Diener, Hans-Christoph: 12 articles (10/2015 - 01/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Migraine Disorders (Migraine) 12/01/1997 - "It may be the caffeine in Extra Strength Excedrin that is effective for migraine." 04/01/2006 - "Controlled trials suggest that alcohol and caffeine withdrawal are the most important nutritional precipitating factors of migraine and TTH. " 07/01/2014 - "In menstrual, lifestyle, and dietary analyses, consistency was observed between factors having no effect, and those provoking both nosebleeds and migraines in multiple patients (premenses; activity; lack of sleep; stress; caffeine, cheese, alcohol, and chocolate). " 05/01/2014 - "A substantial proportion of patients (ranging from 12 to 60 %) report that their migraine attacks may be precipitated by dietary elements, certain eating habits (fasting) and abuse (caffeine and alcoholic beverages abuse and withdrawal). " 01/01/2012 - "Patients were recommended to stop intake of caffeine and other putative migraine-triggering agents. "
2.	Pain (Aches) 06/01/1987 - "The data showed that decreased caffeine consumption did not result in a significant reduction of palpable breast nodules or in a lessening of breast pain/tenderness." 01/01/2014 - "To assess the relative efficacy of a single dose of an analgesic plus caffeine against the same dose of the analgesic alone, without restriction on the analgesic used or the pain condition studied. " 06/01/2015 - "Caffeine ingestion improved time-trial performance during leg cycling (4.9% ± 6.5%, P = 0.03), but not arm crank cycling (2.1% ± 8.2%, P = 0.28), but the effect on pain and RPE was eliminated. " 06/01/2015 - "Compared to placebo, caffeine improved MVC (6.3%, P = 0.014) and %ACT (5.5%, P = 0.013) in the knee extensors, but not the elbow flexors, and reduced muscle pain (P < 0.05) and RPE (P < 0.05) during both submaximal cycling modalities. " 10/01/2012 - "Despite not altering (P>0.05) RPE, HR, or leg pain, caffeine improved (P<0.05) cycling performance (17.7±1.0min versus 18.2±1.1min) and power output (121.6±17.5W versus 114.9±17.9W) versus placebo. "
3.	Contracture 08/01/1993 - "After Ca2+ loading (120 s), the minimal caffeine concentration required to evoke a contracture in fatigued fibers (5.7 +/- 0.3 mM) was significantly greater than that of control fibers (3.1 +/- 0.4 mM), an effect that persisted with prolonged incubation of the skinned fibers. " 06/01/1992 - "In all cases, CICR evoked at pH 6.5 resulted in larger caffeine contractures than that evoked at 7.0, suggesting that more Ca2+ was released during CICR at the higher pH. Accordingly, rate constants for CICR were significantly greater at pH 7.0 than at pH 6.5. " 10/01/1989 - "The concentration of caffeine alone that increased the contracture tension by 7% averaged 6.7 +/- 0.3 mM for vastus, significantly greater than 4.1 +/- 0.2 mM for the rectus muscle biopsies. " 01/01/1990 - "The findings that human type I muscle fibers have higher caffeine sensitivity than type II muscle fibers should be helpful for the interpretation of the in vitro contracture test done in muscle strips containing type I and type II fibers in varying proportions." 04/01/1987 - "In early studies, caffeine was used as a tool to test the function of the intracellular contraction apparatus when the twitch or depolarization contracture was eliminated by a procedure that was thought to block the coupling part of the E-C coupling process. "
4.	Apnea 03/01/2009 - "The rate of overall intellectual impairment has not improved, although impairment was reduced in a recent trial of caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity, and this remains an important area for study. " 01/01/1989 - "There was a marked decrease in apnea frequency, less variability in breathing patterns, and a shift to the left of the CO2 response curve with caffeine. " 07/01/2015 - "High-dose caffeine was associated with a significant reduction in extubation failure in mechanically ventilated preterm infants (p<0.05), the frequency of apnea (p<0.001), and days of documented apnea (p<0.001). " 09/01/1989 - "This study shows that iv caffeine 10 mg/kg is effective in the control of apnea in otherwise healthy expremature infants between 37 and 44 weeks of postconceptual age. " 06/01/2004 - "Caffeine is widely used for the treatment of apnea in premature neonates. "
5.	Body Weight (Weight, Body) 07/01/2010 - "Our study showed that ingestion of 5 mg of caffeine per kg of body weight improved the endurance running performance but did not impose any significant effect on other individual cardiorespiratory parameters of heat-acclimated recreational runners in hot and humid conditions." 10/01/2006 - "Levels of plasma caffeine taken immediately post race indicated that athletes typically finish with quantities of caffeine that have been shown to improve endurance performance (i.e., approximately 20 micromol/L or a dose of > or = 3 mg/kg body weight)." 08/01/2004 - "The results suggest that the ingestion of caffeine at 7 mg.kg(-1) of body weight prior to submaximal running might provide a modest ergogenic effect via improved respiratory efficiency and a psychological lift." 01/01/2015 - "It could be concluded from the current study, that chronic caffeine consumption in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg body weight daily has a potentially good protective effect against AD. " 05/01/2014 - "The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a moderate-intensity swimming exercise (3 % of body weight, 20 min per day, 4 weeks) and sub-chronic supplementation with caffeine (30 mg/kg, 4 weeks) on the serum cytokine levels in middle-aged (18 months) Wistar rats. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
2.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
3.	Ergotamine (Ergotamine Tartrate)
4.	Sumatriptan (Imigran)
5.	Coffee
6.	Ephedrine
7.	Halothane (Fluothane)
8.	Ibuprofen (Motrin)
9.	Indomethacin (Indometacin)
10.	Prochlorperazine (Compazine)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Bed Rest (Bedrest)
3.	Oral Administration
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
5.	Intravenous Infusions