Abstract | BACKGROUND: METHODS: We used an in vivo rat model of brain injury in which N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid (NMA) is injected subcutaneously (s.c.) and c-Fos expression in the arcuate nucleus is used as a measure of injury. To examine the neurotoxic potential of each of the three anaesthetics with NMDA receptor antagonist properties, c-Fos expression in the posterior cingulate and retrosplenial (PC/RS) cortices was measured. RESULTS:
Xenon dose-dependently suppressed NMA-induced c-Fos expression in the arcuate nucleus with an IC(50) of 47 (2)% atm. At the highest concentration tested (75% atm) NMA-induced neuronal injury was decreased by as much as that observed with the prototypical NMDA antagonist MK801 (0.5 mg kg(-1) s.c.). Both nitrous oxide and ketamine dose-dependently increased c-Fos expression in PC/RS cortices; in contrast, xenon produced no significant effect. If the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol was given before either nitrous oxide or ketamine, their neurotoxic effects were eliminated. CONCLUSIONS: Uniquely amongst anaesthetics with known NMDA receptor antagonist action, xenon exhibits neuroprotective properties without co-existing neurotoxicity. The reason why ketamine and nitrous oxide, but not xenon, produce neurotoxicity may involve their actions on dopaminergic pathways.
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Authors | D Ma, S Wilhelm, M Maze, N P Franks |
Journal | British journal of anaesthesia
(Br J Anaesth)
Vol. 89
Issue 5
Pg. 739-46
(Nov 2002)
ISSN: 0007-0912 [Print] England |
PMID | 12393773
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Biomarkers
- Neuroprotective Agents
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos
- Xenon
- N-Methylaspartate
- Ketamine
- Dizocilpine Maleate
- Haloperidol
- Nitrous Oxide
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Topics |
- Animals
- Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus
(drug effects, metabolism)
- Biomarkers
(analysis)
- Brain
(drug effects, metabolism)
- Brain Injuries
(metabolism)
- Dizocilpine Maleate
(pharmacology)
- Female
- Gene Expression
(drug effects)
- Haloperidol
(pharmacology)
- Ketamine
(pharmacology, toxicity)
- Models, Animal
- N-Methylaspartate
(metabolism)
- Neuroprotective Agents
(pharmacology)
- Nitrous Oxide
(pharmacology, toxicity)
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos
(analysis)
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Xenon
(pharmacology, toxicity)
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