Ketamine

A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.

Also Known As:

Networked: 3949 relevant articles (418 outcomes, 737 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Zarate, Carlos A: 29 articles (06/2015 - 12/2007)
2.	Dahan, Albert: 25 articles (04/2015 - 10/2009)
3.	Luckenbaugh, David A: 19 articles (06/2015 - 12/2010)
4.	Niesters, Marieke: 16 articles (04/2015 - 10/2010)
5.	Quevedo, João: 14 articles (08/2015 - 04/2009)
6.	Krystal, John H: 13 articles (09/2015 - 09/2005)
7.	Morgan, Celia J A: 13 articles (01/2014 - 01/2004)
8.	Corlett, Philip R: 12 articles (05/2015 - 02/2006)
9.	Aarts, Leon: 12 articles (01/2013 - 10/2010)
10.	Niciu, Mark J: 11 articles (06/2015 - 06/2013)

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches) 12/01/2013 - "Administration of i.v. ketamine has been proven effective against CRPS pain and physical therapy with behavioral components, such as pain exposure helps to overcome central reorganization and functional impairment. " 07/01/2013 - "Of these 12 children, 5 experienced improvement in their pain scores, 2 with complete resolution of pain, lasting >4 weeks off ketamine treatment. " 09/01/2015 - "Although ketamine is beneficial in treating complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), a subset of patients respond poorly to therapy. " 05/01/2014 - "Fourteen out of the 17 cases (82.35%) who received ketamine infusion showed improvement in self-reported pain intensity and significant reduction in opioid dosage. " 06/01/2012 - "Despite no significant reduction in postoperative narcotic requirements or pain intensity, more patients who received ketamine reported higher levels of satisfaction with their pain management."
2.	Postoperative Pain 05/01/1995 - "All 3 forms of ketamine consistently relieved postoperative pain, (S)-ketamine being 4 times more potent than (R)-ketamine. " 06/01/2015 - "There is insufficient and/or conflicting (Grade I) evidence that muscle relaxants and ketamine provide a significant reduction in postoperative pain or narcotic usage. " 05/01/2015 - "We present the initial experience with a ketamine infusion in a patient with a TAH with minimal observed decreases in blood pressure and significantly improved postoperative pain." 04/01/2011 - "Intravenous low-dose ketamine may be safe and effective in reducing postoperative pain." 01/01/2012 - "Therefore, this study tried to compare the efficacy of ketamine infusion and routine opioid administration on postoperative pain. "
3.	Neuralgia (Stump Neuralgia) 11/01/2012 - "Proof of efficacy of NMDAR inhibitors in treating neuropathic pain is limited, with the non-selective NMDAR antagonist ketamine being most effective. " 01/01/2014 - "Thus, the adequate use of ketamine could be effective for the prevention and treatment of neuropathic pain following peripheral injury." 03/01/2007 - "Ketamine has been shown to be effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain. " 07/01/1999 - "Oral ketamine can be effective in treatment refractory chronic neuropathic pain of spinal origin." 01/01/1994 - "Dose-response estimation in 2 patients with PNS-related neuropathic pain revealed that ketamine was effective in dose-related fashion. "
4.	Hyperalgesia 06/01/2008 - "First, ketamine is highly effective against surgery and opiate-induced hyperalgesia. " 05/01/2001 - "An intravenous ketamine trial, followed by oral ketamine with titration to 50mg three times a day was beneficial in decreasing allodynia and hyperalgesia, as well as improving functional capabilities. " 01/01/2006 - "A significant reduction of mechanical hyperalgesia was produced by topically and pre-emptively applied ketamine in healthy patients. " 05/09/1997 - "On the contralateral leg treated with ketamine, there was a significant reduction of primary hyperalgesia and an inhibition of development of secondary hyperalgesia. " 09/01/2004 - "The results of the present study demonstrate that pre-emptive epidural ketamine is effective in reducing intra- and postoperative analgesic requirements, hyperalgesia and touch allodynia."
5.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma) 08/01/1994 - "Ketamine given in two time-dose regimens, 180 mg/kg IP at 2 hours (group G) and 120 mg/kg IP at 1 hour (group F) after trauma, improved NSS from 11.6 +/- 1.7 and 14.4 +/- 0.8 at 1 hour to 4.4 +/- 1.3 and 8.0 +/- 1.4 (mean +/- SEM) at 48 hours, respectively (P < .03). " 04/01/2014 - "Several studies of urban trauma management have recommend ketamine as a safe and efficient analgesic. " 10/01/2012 - "Of the 1,883 children administered ketamine for primary wound repair during the study period, a convenience sample of 338 patients aged 4 months to 5 years was enrolled. " 10/01/2015 - "These findings suggest that ketamine can prevent pathophysiological consequences of psychological trauma. " 10/01/2015 - "Observation of Distressed Conspecific as a Model of Emotional Trauma Generates Silent Synapses in the Prefrontal-Amygdala Pathway and Enhances Fear Learning, but Ketamine Abolishes those Effects."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Morphine (MS Contin)
2.	N-Methylaspartate (NMDA)
3.	Propofol (Diprivan)
4.	Midazolam (Versed)
5.	Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
6.	Opioid Analgesics (Opioids)
7.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
8.	Thiopental (Pentothal)
9.	remifentanil (Ultiva)
10.	Dizocilpine Maleate (Dizocilpine)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Analgesia
2.	Anesthesia
3.	Tonsillectomy
4.	Patient-Controlled Analgesia (Analgesia, Patient Controlled)
5.	Artificial Respiration (Mechanical Ventilation)