Glutamate Receptors (Glutamate Receptor)

Cell-surface proteins that bind glutamate and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glutamate receptors include ionotropic receptors (AMPA, kainate, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors), which directly control ion channels, and metabotropic receptors which act through second messenger systems. Glutamate receptors are the most common mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. They have also been implicated in the mechanisms of memory and of many diseases.

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Networked: 2226 relevant articles (38 outcomes, 240 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Takahashi, Yukitoshi: 47 articles (09/2015 - 06/2003)
2.	Javitt, Daniel C: 12 articles (05/2015 - 12/2002)
3.	Meador-Woodruff, James H: 12 articles (06/2013 - 06/2003)
4.	Levite, Mia: 10 articles (08/2014 - 09/2004)
5.	Krystal, John H: 9 articles (03/2015 - 07/2003)
6.	Huganir, Richard L: 9 articles (09/2014 - 02/2004)
7.	Ganor, Yonatan: 9 articles (08/2014 - 09/2004)
8.	Vécsei, László: 8 articles (08/2014 - 09/2002)
9.	Worley, Paul F: 8 articles (10/2013 - 02/2005)
10.	Magazanik, L G: 8 articles (09/2013 - 09/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Ischemia 02/01/1994 - "Protective effects of excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists have been previously demonstrated after temporary global ischemia and permanent focal ischemia in rats. " 06/09/1998 - "In this study, we examined the effects of ATA on expression of mRNAs encoding glutamate receptor subunits in gerbil hippocampus after global ischemia. " 11/01/2015 - "Data analyses disclosed several classes of GFAP/EGFP(+) glial cells with respect to glutamate receptors and revealed in what manner their expression correlates with the expression of glial markers prior to and after ischemia. " 01/01/2013 - "Glutamate receptor (GluR)-mediated neurotoxicity is implicated in a variety of disorders ranging from ischemia to neural degeneration. " 12/01/2011 - "Our data showed that glutamate receptor expression was significantly higher in the hippocampus of the ischemia CON group than in the ischemia EE group. "
2.	Seizures (Seizure) 09/01/2009 - "The results of our coordinated electrophysiological, receptor-pharmacological and histoblot studies demonstrated that repeated, daily, short convulsions resulted in a significant decrease of the general excitability of the somatosensory cortex together with changes in ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits. " 04/10/2003 - "As glutamate receptors are thought to participate in seizure induction and the subsequent neuronal degeneration that ensues, previous studies have proposed that variation in the precise subunit composition of glutamate receptors may result in differential susceptibility to excitotoxic cell death. " 11/26/2001 - "The goal of this study was to determine the age of onset of cognitive dysfunction and alterations in seizure susceptibility in rats subjected to recurrent neonatal seizures and the relation of this cognitive impairment to mossy fiber sprouting and expression of glutamate receptors. " 12/11/1999 - "This study shows that PBN specifically protects against anticholinesterase-induced seizures by reversible protection of AChE activity and not by the blockade of muscarinic or glutamate receptors, reactivation of AChE or scavenging of ROS. " 08/01/2015 - "Chronic seizures can alter neuronal and glial expression of glutamate receptors and uptake transporters, further contributing to epileptogenesis. "
3.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox) 08/07/2015 - "The present study could lead to an increased understanding of how perturbed glutamate receptor signaling affects other relevant biological pathways in schizophrenia and, therefore, support drug discovery efforts for the improved treatment of patients suffering from this debilitating psychiatric disorder. " 09/01/2014 - "The results of the present study support the hypothesis of the involvement of glutamate receptor genes in schizophrenia pathway. " 09/01/2014 - "Post mortem studies have found changes in the degree of affinity glutamate receptors, their transcription, and altered expression of their subunits in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus in patients with schizophrenia. " 05/15/2009 - "Based on the hypothesis that a glutamatergic dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, we have been conducting systematic studies on the association between glutamate receptor genes and schizophrenia. " 01/01/2009 - "Various studies have been done to check the status of glutamate receptor gene in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. "
4.	Pain (Aches) 03/17/2000 - "These data support the potential efficacy of competitive excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists in the treatment of chronic central pain, particularly where input from low threshold mechanical afferents trigger the onset of the painful sensation. " 06/01/2014 - "Consequently, efficacy of selective ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonism in chronic pain conditions may warrant further investigation. " 06/01/2014 - "Results from clinical trials of a selective ionotropic glutamate receptor 5 (iGluR5) antagonist, LY5454694 tosylate, in 2 chronic pain conditions." 05/01/2014 - "The objective of this study was to establish in healthy volunteers the maximally tolerated multiple dose (MTMD) of the ionotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist LY545694 (part A), and to investigate whether that dose had analgesic or antihyperalgesic effects in the brief thermal stimulation (BTS) pain model (Part B). " 04/01/2012 - "The present study evaluated the contribution of glutamate receptors in CeA to generation of the affective response to acute pain in rats. "
5.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease) 01/01/2006 - "Blockade of mGluR glutamate receptors in the subthalamic nucleus ameliorates motor asymmetry in an animal model of Parkinson's disease." 08/01/2014 - "Therapeutic potential of targeting glutamate receptors in Parkinson's disease." 01/01/2011 - "Increased glutamatergic transmission in the basal ganglia is implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease and glutamate receptor mediated excitotoxicity has been suggested to be one of the possible causes of the neuronal degeneration. " 12/01/2009 - "Glutamate receptors as therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease." 10/01/2007 - "In models of early stage Parkinson's disease (PD), motor deficits are accompanied by excessive activation of striatal glutamate receptors. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	N-Methylaspartate (NMDA)
2.	alpha- Amino- 3- hydroxy- 5- methyl- 4- isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA)
3.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
4.	Glutamic Acid (Glutamate)
5.	AMPA Receptors (AMPA Receptor)
6.	Dopamine (Intropin)
7.	Amantadine (Aman)
8.	Diazepam (Valium)
9.	Kainic Acid (Kainate)
10.	Dizocilpine Maleate (Dizocilpine)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Injections
2.	Ligation
3.	Intramuscular Injections
4.	Oral Administration
5.	Therapeutics