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Atrioventricular Block

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Impaired impulse conduction from HEART ATRIA to HEART VENTRICLES. AV block can mean delayed or completely blocked impulse conduction.

Also Known As:

AV Block; Atrioventricular Conduction Block; AV Blocks; Atrioventricular Blocks; Atrioventricular Conduction Blocks; Block, AV; Blocks, AV; Conduction Block, Atrioventricular; Conduction Blocks, Atrioventricular

Networked: 2065 relevant articles (58 outcomes, 121 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Bradycardia
2.	Ventricular Tachycardia
3.	Heart Failure
4.	Myocardial Infarction
5.	Sarcoidosis (Schaumann Disease)

Experts

1.	Sugiyama, Atsushi: 18 articles (07/2015 - 08/2002)
2.	Vos, Marc A: 16 articles (12/2015 - 08/2003)
3.	Nakamura, Yuji: 11 articles (07/2015 - 04/2003)
4.	Takahara, Akira: 11 articles (01/2011 - 04/2003)
5.	Hashimoto, Keitaro: 11 articles (08/2008 - 08/2002)
6.	Beekman, Jet D M: 10 articles (12/2015 - 11/2003)
7.	Barold, S Serge: 8 articles (07/2015 - 11/2006)
8.	Satoh, Yoshioki: 8 articles (07/2009 - 08/2002)
9.	Vos, M A: 7 articles (02/2014 - 04/2000)
10.	Nattel, Stanley: 7 articles (08/2013 - 01/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Atrioventricular Block:

1.	Atropine (Hyoscyamine)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1986 - "Atropine, given intravenously or intra-arterially at peak action of agonist in relatively low doses (0.02 mg/kg), induced an AV block followed by a marked decrease in R-R interval. " 05/01/1984 - "Our results show that exercise testing was valuable in determining the site of atrioventricular block: during exercise the degree of block increased in two patients, justifying electrophysiological investigations which showed infrahisian block in one case; when the block was stable or improved on exercise, the atropine test, performed in 21 cases, gave concordant results in 18 cases (the same change with atropine and exercise): the block was nodal in all these patients. " 07/21/2014 - "At admission sinusbradycardia and a first-degree atrioventricular block was found and she was treated with antidigitalis Fab-fragment and atropine. " 01/01/2014 - "Trpm4-/-mice also exhibited Luciani-Wenckebach atrioventricular blocks, which were reduced following atropine infusion, suggesting paroxysmal parasympathetic overdrive. " 06/16/2011 - "The next electrocardiogram, obtained after the administration of atropine, showed a sinus rhythm at 84 bpm with first-degree atrioventricular block, obvious ST-segment elevation on leads II, III, aVF, V3 to V6, and electrical alternation of the ST-segment. "
2.	Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD)IBA 06/01/2012 - "The aim of this study was to determine whether elderly patients who have implanted pacemakers for complete atrioventricular block gain significant benefits from dual-chamber (DDD) pacemakers compared with single chamber ventricular (VVIR) pacemakers. " 02/01/2001 - "The analyzed DDD/AMC mode-switch algorithm leads to a significant reduction of ventricular pacing in patients with spontaneous AV conduction or with only paroxysmal AV block. " 01/01/2014 - "The study population consisted of 40 patients with a DDD pacemaker implanted for third degree AV block and preserved LV systolic function (19 men; mean age 64.3 ± 10.9 years). " 07/01/2011 - "The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of different AVDs on LA and LAA functions in DDD pacemaker implanted patients with atrioventricular block. " 05/01/2010 - "The aim of the study was to determine whether elderly patients with implanted pacemaker for complete atrioventricular block gain significant benefit from dual-chamber (DDD) compared with single-chamber ventricular demand (VVIR). "
3.	Adenosine FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1988 - "Once AV block occurred, O2 consumption decreased, O2 supply-to-demand ratio improved and the rate of adenosine release dropped to 310 +/- 61 pmol/min/g. " 09/01/1999 - "In this study, we evaluated whether patients with baseline first-degree AV block could safely undergo adenosine stress testing. " 07/01/1999 - "During electrophysiologic study, 37 patients without prior documentation but symptoms indicative for PSVT received incremental dosages of adenosine during sinus rhythm until second-degree or greater AV block was observed. " 04/01/1990 - "In 12 patients atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction delay or block was induced without preexcitation after adenosine (first-degree AV block in 8, second-degree block in 4): at subsequent electrophysiologic study none of these patients was found to have latent preexcitation. " 12/01/2015 - "In 10 additional patients, during adenosine-induced atrioventricular block, the minimum CF significantly increased at 19 sites (5.3±4.4 versus 13.4±5.9 g; P<0.001) and at 16 sites intermittent or variable CF became constant. "
4.	AntibodiesIBA 04/14/2009 - "Early diagnosis and treatment of atrioventricular block in the fetus exposed to maternal anti-SSA/Ro-SSB/La antibodies: a prospective, observational, fetal kinetocardiogram-based study." 08/01/2015 - "Congenital atrioventricular block (CAVB) affects approximately 2% of fetuses of mothers with anti-Ro or anti-La antibodies, regardless of maternal rheumatologic symptoms. " 04/01/2015 - "The relationship between anti-Ro/SSA antibodies and congenital complete atrioventricular block is well recognized in the fetal heart. " 02/01/2015 - "Isolated atrioventricular block of unknown origin in adults and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies: clinical evidence, putative mechanisms, and therapeutic implications." 01/01/2015 - "Of 31 patients with isolated congenital atrioventricular block, 18 were negative for maternal antibodies and had normal epicardial atrial sensing and pacing thresholds. "
5.	Amiodarone (Amiodarona)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2003 - "Amiodarone-induced 2 to 1 atrioventricular block in association with prolongation of the QT interval." 08/01/2000 - "Amiodarone-induced AV block and ventricular standstill. " 03/21/1997 - "Amiodarone caused higher degree AV block. " 02/01/1990 - "However, because AV block occurred at a high pacing rate in some amiodarone-treated dogs, pacing rate was lower in that group than in control dogs (132 +/- 13 vs. 161 +/- 10 min-1, ns). " 08/15/1985 - "[Grade II intermittent atrioventricular block during therapy with amiodarone. "
6.	Aminophylline (Carine)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1998 - "Aminophylline restored 1:1 conduction with first-degree AV block in six patients, Mobitz I AV block in one patient, and normal sinus rhythm in one patient. " 03/01/1991 - "Effects of aminophylline on atrioventricular conduction in patients with late atrioventricular block during inferior wall acute myocardial infarction." 05/01/2001 - "Effect of aminophylline on complete atrioventricular block with ventricular asystole following blunt chest trauma." 11/01/2005 - "Should sinus arrest or atrioventricular block occur, it appears to respond readily to cessation of adenosine infusion and intravenous aminophylline with no significant sequelae." 10/01/1998 - "These results indicate that aminophylline improves AV conduction in atropine-resistant late advanced AV block complicating AIMI."
7.	cilostazol (Pletal)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2011 - "We describe a case of advanced atrioventricular (AV) block, in which treatment with cilostazol was effective in recovering the AV conduction. " 04/01/2003 - "This study assessed whether the antiplatelet agent cilostazol, which has potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type-3 inhibitory activity, affects the ventricular escape rate and neurohumoral factors in patients with third-degree atrioventricular block. " 01/01/2011 - "Recovery of advanced atrioventricular block by cilostazol." 04/01/2003 - "Thus, cilostazol could be safely given to selected patients over the short term with third-degree atrioventricular block." 04/01/2003 - "Effect of cilostazol on the ventricular escape rate and neurohumoral factors in patients with third-degree atrioventricular block."
8.	Digoxin (Digitek)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2012 - "A digoxin-induced AV block usually improved (28 of 39) after withdrawal of the drug. " 11/01/2013 - "The vast majority of patients treated with a TPM due to AV block and who receive beta-blockers alone or in combination with digoxin have a final indication for a PPM despite cessation of drug treatment. " 07/01/2011 - "Electrocardiography revealed first- and second-degree atrioventricular block with digoxin-like ST-T-wave changes, suggestive of oleander toxicity in the absence of exposure to digoxin or other herbal medicines, and without systemic illness. " 06/01/2011 - "In spite of the discontinuation of digoxin and carvegilol, complete atrioventricular block continued for a week, and the permanent pacemaker was inserted. " 03/01/2003 - "3. Digoxin should not be administered to patients who have significant sinus or atrioventricular block, unless the block has been treated with a permanent pacemaker (strength of evidence = B). "
9.	CalciumIBA 08/01/2013 - "T-type calcium current contributes to escape automaticity and governs the occurrence of lethal arrhythmias after atrioventricular block in mice." 11/01/1988 - "These four calcium antagonists at their high doses elicited 2nd or 3rd degree atrioventricular blocks in some cases. " 07/01/1998 - "beta-Blockers and nondihydropyridine calcium antagonists should not be used in patients with sinus bradycardia and those with greater than first degree atrioventricular (AV) block because of the possibility of further slowing of heart rate and/or the development of high grade AV block. " 12/01/2015 - "Calcium release near l-type calcium channels promotes beat-to-beat variability in ventricular myocytes from the chronic AV block dog." 01/01/1996 - "While the precise pathogenetic mechanism of autoantibody mediated tissue injury is not defined it has been demonstrated in adult rabbit and human fetal hearts that sera containing anti-SSA/Ro antibodies induce atrioventricular block and inhibit L-type calcium currents (ICa) in isolated ventricular myocytes. "
10.	Mexiletine (Mexitil)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2013 - "Mexiletine shortened QTc, attenuated QT-RR slope, abolished 2:1 AV block and T wave alternans in a TS1 patient and TS model via inhibition of late INa." 06/01/2013 - "Mexiletine shortened QTc from 584 to 515 ms, blunted QT-RR relationship, and abolished 2:1 AV block and T wave alternans in the girl. " 03/15/2003 - "AV block was induced, and pacing was performed at baseline and during mexiletine infusion (4 microg/ml). " 04/01/2002 - "This case suggests that propranolol combined with mexiletine might be useful in the treatment of patients with LQTS with atrioventricular block." 05/01/1998 - "However, this theoretical additive effect on ventricular repolarization has never been demonstrated and could be questioned as other Class I drugs, such as mexiletine, a Class IB drug, limit the number of sotalol-induced TdP in dogs with AV block, suggesting the possibility of an antagonistic action of Class I properties against Class III effects. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Cryosurgery 08/01/2006 - "In one patient, cryomapping eliminated the junctional focus but resulted in transient complete AV block; therefore, cryoablation was not performed. " 05/15/2004 - "In addition, cryoablation may be useful in the management of perinodal accessory pathways, but its efficacy and safety in patients at high risk of atrioventricular block during radiofrequency catheter ablation is unknown. " 11/30/2010 - "The purpose of this prospective randomized study was to test whether cryoablation is as effective as RFCA during both short-term and long-term follow-up with a lower risk of permanent AV block. " 10/01/1998 - "The aims of this study were to (1) investigate the feasibility of inducing permanent complete AV block (CAVB), (2) investigate the value of cold mapping to select the cryoablation site to produce permanent CAVB, (3) study the macro- and microscopic lesion characteristics 6 weeks later, and (4) compare them to those produced with RF energy. " 02/01/2014 - "Cryoablation adjacent to the AV node carries a negligible risk of permanent AV block. "
2.	Catheters 11/01/1986 - "[Complete AV block in a heart catheter study using a Swan-Ganz catheter]." 10/01/2015 - "Right Ventricular Perforation Caused by a Pacing Catheter Two Weeks After Insertion in a Neonate With Congenital Atrioventricular Block." 08/01/2015 - "But after moving back to the intensive care unit after surgery, ECG showed paroxysmal complete atrioventricular blocks and we inserted a temporary transvenous pacemaker catheter. " 11/01/2014 - "Radiofrequency catheter ablations of anteroseptal (AS) accessory pathways (AP) in pediatric patients have higher incidence of atrioventricular (AV) block than other AP locations. " 03/01/2013 - "Advancing Schwartz right 0 (SRO) sheath through the venous abnormality into the right atrium allowed adequate catheter stability to successfully induce complete AV block with radiofrequency energy."
3.	Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy 05/01/2015 - "Cardiac structure and function are improved with biventricular pacing for patients with atrioventricular block and LV systolic dysfunction. " 09/01/2003 - "In this acute canine model of AV block, QRS duration shortened and LV performance improved with epicardial biventricular pacing compared to standard single-site ventricular pacing." 05/01/2015 - "However, little is known about biventricular pacing in HF patients with atrioventricular block because they are typically excluded from biventricular trials. " 08/01/2006 - "Biventricular stimulation to prevent cardiac desynchronization: rationale, design, and endpoints of the 'Biventricular Pacing for Atrioventricular Block to Prevent Cardiac Desynchronization (BioPace)' study." 09/01/2003 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate epicardial biventricular pacing as a means of maintaining synchronous ventricular activation in an acute canine model of AV block with normal ventricular anatomy and function. "
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 11/01/1997 - "After three cycles of chemotherapy, the patient achieved a complete remission, the ECG showed first-degree atrioventricular block, and echocardiography revealed disappearance of the right atrial masses. " 10/01/1993 - "The primary study objective was to achieve permanent modification of AV nodal function and control ventricular rate without drug therapy and without causing permanent complete AV block. " 11/01/2013 - "Patients with AV block who were treated with a TPM and concomitant cessation of drug therapy were included if there was no other underlying mechanism causing the AV block. " 08/01/2013 - "Eleven children with median age 4.0 years (0.5-7.6 years) diagnosed as complete atrioventricular block resisting to drug therapy received implantations of left atrial and ventricular epicardial dual chamber pacemakers. " 01/01/2009 - "The effectiveness of transplacental drug therapy for prenatally diagnosed isolated congenital complete atrioventricular block (CCAVB) is controversial. "
5.	Heart Transplantation (Grafting, Heart) 01/01/2011 - "This study will characterize late-onset AV block following cardiac transplantation. " 07/01/2012 - "A patient who had undergone orthotopic heart transplantation received a VDD pacemaker for AV block. " 01/01/2011 - "The incidence, mechanisms, clinical associations, and outcomes in patients with late-onset (>3 months) atrioventricular (AV) block following heart transplantation are not well known. " 01/01/2011 - "Permanent pacing for late-onset atrioventricular block in patients with heart transplantation: a single center experience." 12/01/2009 - "The need for permanent pacemaker implantation due to late atrioventricular (AV) block after heart transplantation is rare. "