Cardiac Arrhythmias (Arrythmia)

Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.

Also Known As:

Networked: 11827 relevant articles (625 outcomes, 1063 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Ventricular Tachycardia
2.	Heart Failure
3.	Tachycardia (Tachyarrhythmias)
4.	Atrial Fibrillation
5.	Myocardial Infarction

Experts

1.	Mohler, Peter J: 33 articles (10/2015 - 02/2003)
2.	Wilde, Arthur A M: 23 articles (01/2015 - 06/2005)
3.	Natale, Andrea: 20 articles (09/2015 - 09/2002)
4.	Nattel, Stanley: 20 articles (08/2015 - 09/2002)
5.	Ackerman, Michael J: 20 articles (04/2015 - 08/2002)
6.	Priori, Silvia G: 19 articles (01/2015 - 03/2002)
7.	Køber, Lars: 18 articles (03/2014 - 03/2002)
8.	Hancox, Jules C: 17 articles (01/2016 - 01/2003)
9.	Hund, Thomas J: 17 articles (10/2015 - 11/2008)
10.	Bers, Donald M: 17 articles (03/2015 - 01/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Cardiac Arrhythmias:

1.	Amiodarone (Amiodarona)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2000 - "The present analysis was performed to obtain the most precise estimate of the efficacy of the ICD, compared to amiodarone, for prolonging survival in patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmia. " 05/01/1997 - "The objectives of this review were to summarize what is known about intravenous amiodarone, including its pharmacologic and electrophysiologic effects, to review its efficacy for the treatment of patients with highly malignant ventricular arrhythmia and to provide specific information about its clinical use for this and other indications. " 11/01/1985 - "We conclude that amiodarone is highly effective in the management of high-risk patients with complex refractory cardiac arrhythmias and that close monitoring and prompt recognition of side effects and appropriate adjustment of dosage or institution of supplemental or replacement therapy (in less than 5% of patients) will allow continuation of amiodarone. " 12/15/1983 - "Digitalis + amiodarone is the best treatment, though the arrhythmia may resolve spontaneously." 10/01/1983 - "We conclude that amiodarone is highly effective in high-risk patients with complex refractory cardiac arrhythmias, and that close monitoring and prompt recognition of side effects and appropriate adjustment of dosage or institution of supplemental or replacement therapy (in less than 5% of patients) will allow continuation of amiodarone. "
2.	Anti-Arrhythmia AgentsIBA 01/01/1989 - "The type of antiarrhythmic drugs to be used is discussed, considering that, while many traditional antiarrhythmic agents are undoubtedly effective in the treatment of an acute arrhythmia, in the chronic setting, most of the time, a significant reduction in ventricular arrhythmias on Holter monitoring can be proved, without a significant reduction in total mortality. " 10/01/1999 - "These are mainly related to the use of antiarrhythmic drugs, the efficacy of which is not very great and may present a potential risk of lethal pro-arrhythmia or severe collateral effects. " 04/01/1987 - "The combination of improved diagnostic techniques, new and potent antiarrhythmia agents, and progress in antiarrhythmia surgical procedures has resulted in successful management of complex cardiac arrhythmia in children. " 12/01/1985 - "Subgroups IA, IB and ID were characterised by the absence of symptoms, the disappearance of the arrhythmia on exercise, the decreased efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs and an excellent prognosis. " 04/01/1999 - "Analyses of randomised clinical trials have suggested that only in selective populations may antiarrhythmic drugs be effective in improving prognosis: therapy of cardiac arrhythmias, in contrast to other cardiovascular pathological conditions, has not been fully successful. "
3.	Propafenone (Rythmol)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1992 - "A younger age, low spontaneous arrhythmia variability, and particularly a low titration dose were the best predictors of the short and long term efficacy of propafenone. " 12/15/2002 - "There was a significant reduction in average heart rate during the first recurrence of symptomatic arrhythmia after day 5 in the low-dose propafenone group compared with placebo. " 08/01/1987 - "In junctional arrhythmia propafenone was certainly effective but unpredictably so (3 good results, 2 fair results, 4 failures). " 11/01/2002 - "Elevated plasma concentration is consistent with better efficacy of propafenone in patients with ventricular arrhythmia." 06/01/1987 - "Electrophysiologic testing identified the patient's arrhythmia, and demonstrated that it improved with intravenous propafenone, a new type 1C antiarrhythmic medication. "
4.	Flecainide (Tambocor)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2012 - "Patient's arrhythmia burden was eliminated following successful treatment with flecainide." 08/20/1992 - "Flecainide appears to be effective in preventing PAF, with 65% of patients being arrhythmia-free after 9 months of treatment at a mean daily dose of 200 mg. Side effects were common, but clinically significant adverse events were infrequent." 06/01/1990 - "It is concluded that flecainide acetate is effective in a wide range of cardiac arrhythmias, and that long-term management problems are few." 12/01/1989 - "Thus, flecainide may be effective in postponing arrhythmia recurrence, even in difficult-to-treat patients. " 08/01/1982 - "These electrophysiological properties strongly suggest that flecainide will be useful in the management of a wide variety of cardiac arrhythmias. "
5.	Verapamil (Calan)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2010 - "Verapamil is highly effective against catecholamine-induced arrhythmia in mice with CASQ2 mutations and may potentiate the antiarrhythmic activity of β-blockers in humans with CPVT2." 02/01/1991 - "Delayed onset of cardiac arrhythmias from sustained-release verapamil." 09/01/1990 - "In addition, verapamil completely eliminated the first episode of arrhythmia 5-10 min after occlusion. " 01/01/2015 - "The electrophysiological study identified the mechanism of arrhythmia to be reentry using the slowly conducting verapamil-sensitive fibers as the antegrade limb and the posterior fascicle as the retrograde limb. " 12/01/1985 - "This study was designed to clarify the mechanism of reperfusion arrhythmia and with the effect of verapamil on arrhythmia. "
6.	Propranolol (Inderal)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1995 - "She had been treated with various types of antiarrhythmic agents, and propranolol was the most effective in preventing ventricular arrhythmia. " 12/01/1989 - "MgSO4 and propranolol infusion caused a significant reduction in the duration of arrhythmia (81% and 70%, respectively). " 02/01/1980 - "Propranolol for prevention of postoperative cardiac arrhythmias: a randomized study." 01/01/2015 - "Propranolol therapy was considered successful when patients were initiated and discharged on monotherapy, without documented recurrence of arrhythmia or requiring additional antiarrhythmic medication. " 01/01/2012 - "The arrhythmia resolved with the discontinuation of propranolol, and eventually the case was in sinus rhythm. "
7.	Disopyramide (Norpace)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1990 - "The effectiveness of Palpitin was expressed as improvement in 66% of cases (reduction of ectopic beats by 75%), and in 40% of cases complete regression of arrhythmia was achieved. " 05/01/1984 - "The dosage regimen of intravenous disopyramide evaluated was effective in 60% of patients with ventricular arrhythmia, induced no severe toxic effects, and rapidly achieved therapeutic serum levels that were maintained during continuous infusion." 05/01/1977 - "Intravenous therapy with disopyramide in the dosage regimen employed appears to be moderately effective against supraventricular arrhythmia and particularly effective against ventricular arrhythmia with minimal toxicity. " 01/01/1981 - "Efficacy of intravenous disopyramide in acute cardiac arrhythmias." 12/01/1980 - "[Clinical efficacy of disopyramide in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias (author's transl)]."
8.	Sotalol (Sotalol Hydrochloride)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1993 - "With multivariate testing of 14 variables, only sotalol therapy and absence of prior antiarrhythmic therapy were associated with a significant reduction in risk of arrhythmia recurrence." 04/15/1997 - "To further evaluate the relative efficacy of d,I-sotalol compared with class I drugs, and to assess the relative importance of its class II (beta-blocking) and class III effects, 6-year arrhythmia recurrence and mortality in patients receiving sotalol were compared with those in patients receiving class I drugs, subdivided according to whether they also received coadministered beta blockers. " 01/15/1995 - "Extrapolation of these data to a clinical setting may explain the efficacy of dl-sotalol in diminishing ventricular arrhythmia recurrence." 07/01/1994 - "[Efficacy of sotalol in idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia originating in the right ventricular outflow tract]." 03/01/2001 - "This pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study was designed to define the steady-state relationship between pharmacologic response and dose or concentration of sotalol in children with cardiac arrhythmias, with an emphasis on neonates and infants. "
9.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1979 - "Lidocaine (1 X 10(-5) M) had no significant effect at 2.5 mM Ca but significantly decreased the overshoot and Vmax of AP, increased gamma and effective refractory period and was antiarrhythmic at 1.25 mM Ca. These changes were closely similar to the effects of lidocaine (5 X 10(-5) M) at 2.5 mM Ca. The effects of this high concentration were decreased when Ca was changed to 5.0 mM. The effect of lidocaine most clearly predictive of efficacy for the type of arrhythmia was that on Vmax, with changes in gamma in particular not being related to antiarrhythmic activity." 08/01/1992 - "However there is only a small optimal therapeutic plasma level range, where lidocaine exhibits its antiarrhythmic efficacy against this type of arrhythmia; this makes a carefully titration of the drug necessary both in the experimental and in the clinical setting." 12/01/1992 - "Successful therapy with lignocaine and prompt re-feeding suppressed the arrhythmia and, three days later, the QTc was reduced to almost its pre-diet state. " 09/01/2006 - "No cardiac arrhythmias were observed, and lidocaine was effective in 78% of the treatments. " 09/01/2006 - "No cardiac arrhythmias were observed, and lidocaine was effective in 76% of the treatments. "
10.	MagnesiumIBA 12/01/1994 - "As a first attempt in managing this arrhythmia, magnesium sulphate has been shown to be effective in many patients. " 08/01/2013 - "Compared with placebo, magnesium supplementation decreased the incidence of arrhythmia after CPB in pediatric patients by 66 % (RR, 0.34; 95 % CI, 0.18-0.65; P = 0.001), with no heterogeneity between trials (heterogeneity P = 0.68; I (2) = 0 %). " 01/01/2012 - "Increased arrhythmia prevalence has been reported during controlled magnesium (Mg) depletion studies in adults. " 04/01/2009 - "Previous studies showed that intravenous magnesium reduces the incidence of postoperative cardiac arrhythmias but it also inhibits platelet function. " 03/01/2008 - "Large randomised controlled studies are needed to confirm whether intravenous magnesium can improve patient centre outcomes in different cardiac arrhythmias."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/1987 - "The goals of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Pilot Study (CAPS) were: to find a therapeutic strategy that could significantly suppress ventricular arrhythmias with an acceptable adverse effect rate; to determine efficient methods for case finding; to identify efficient methods for evaluating the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drug therapy; to demonstrate the feasibility of recruiting patients and maintaining treatment over a 1-year period; and to evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of behavioral studies. " 11/01/2008 - "Catheter ablation rather than antiarrhythmic drug therapy is beneficial in eliminating recurrences delaying arrhythmia progression." 08/01/2006 - "Procedural success, defined at 2 years after the initial procedure and requiring no interim procedure, antiarrhythmic drug therapy, or apparent arrhythmia burden, was observed in a significantly greater proportion of patients with a paroxysmal (87%) than persistent AF (60%) syndrome. " 04/25/2014 - "Current ablation and drug therapy approaches to treating AF are largely based on treating the arrhythmia once the substrate occurs and is more effective in paroxysmal AF rather than persistent or permanent AF. " 01/01/2006 - "Ablation therapy combined with antiarrhythmic drug therapy is superior to antiarrhythmic drug therapy alone in preventing atrial arrhythmia recurrences in patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF in whom antiarrhythmic drug therapy has already failed."
2.	Implantable Defibrillators (Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator) 03/01/2005 - "In patients with previous life-threatening arrhythmia, several perspective, randomized, controlled studies have demonstrated that implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy is superior to the best antiarrhythmic therapy in prolonging survival. " 09/01/2014 - "Implantable defibrillators (ICD) are highly effective in reducing arrhythmia-related mortality. " 07/01/2012 - "The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is highly effective in reducing mortality due to cardiac arrhythmias in high-risk cardiac patients. " 07/01/1994 - "This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a new implantable cardioverter defibrillator in preventing arrhythmic death and the superior defibrillation efficacy of biphasic waveform pulses, which results in a higher implantation rate of nonthoracotomy systems, as well as the accurate arrhythmia classification made possible by the stored electrograms." 09/01/2014 - "Implantable cardioverter defibrillators are effective in reducing mortality, but do not prevent arrhythmia recurrence. "
3.	Electric Countershock (Cardioversion) 04/01/2000 - "At 1 month follow-up, the percentage of arrhythmia relapses in patients with initially successful cardioversion was similar in the two groups (29% vs 26%, P = ns); thus the initial better outcome in patients with recent-onset arrhythmia was not lost. " 08/01/2010 - "Repeated direct-current cardioversions were unsuccessful and no single anti-arrhythmic agent was effective for arrhythmia control. " 12/01/2009 - "Several antiarrhythmia treatments have been demonstrated to be effective in cardioversion of arrhythmia and maintenance of the sinus rhythm. " 04/01/1994 - "Use of pacing includes several advantages, but it is not always effective; when pacing is not effective, shocks can be used for cardioversion of the arrhythmia. " 05/01/1984 - "The arrhythmia was resistant to multiple drugs, and repeated cardioversion was effective in only 3 patients. "
4.	Catheters 03/01/2015 - "For example, non-invasive imaging has improved arrhythmia substrate characterisation, 3D catheter navigation tools have facilitated mapping of arrhythmia and substrate and ablation catheters have advanced in their ability to deliver effective lesions. " 12/01/1989 - "This study assessed the efficacy of the impedance catheter in sensing relative volumetric changes in the right ventricle as a measure of the hemodynamic status during an arrhythmia. " 01/01/2014 - "Characterization of this substrate using a variety of clinical and investigative tools has improved our understanding of MMVT circuits, and has accelerated the development of device and catheter-based therapies aimed at identification and elimination of this arrhythmia. " 08/12/2010 - "Work is ongoing to improve magnetic ablation catheters and methods that can simplify mapping procedures and improve efficacy of arrhythmia ablation. " 04/01/2015 - "Prospective, observational study consisted of consecutive patients who underwent catheter-based ablation of complex cardiac arrhythmias. "
5.	Defibrillators (Defibrillator) 12/01/2001 - "In 90% of the patients with a cardioverter-defibrillator providing programmable maximal sensitivity (n=16), the reduction of maximum sensitivity was effective in preventing further episodes of nonadequate arrhythmia detection. " 06/01/1998 - "In many patients, candidates for a defibrillator, this new generation of devices has improved specificity of arrhythmia detection and cardiac pacing without risk of interaction. " 08/01/1998 - "We therefore evaluated the reliability and safety of simultaneous implantation of dual-chamber pacemakers with a fourth generation cardioverter-defibrillator incorporating an improved arrhythmia detection system. " 04/01/2010 - "The Arrhythmia Simulation/Cardiac Event Nursing Training-Automated External Defibrillator phase (ASCENT-AED) study used in situ medical simulation to compare traditional and AED-supplemented SCA first-responder models. " 01/01/2009 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the rate and causes of inappropriate rhythm detection, and to compare adequacy of ventricular arrhythmia detection by single-chamber and dual-chamber cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD). "