Osteomalacia

A condition marked by softening of the bones (due to impaired mineralization, with excess accumulation of osteoid), with pain, tenderness, muscular weakness, anorexia, and loss of weight, resulting from deficiency of vitamin D and calcium. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Also Known As:

Networked: 1794 relevant articles (57 outcomes, 102 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Osteoporosis
2.	X-Linked Dominant Hypophosphatemic Rickets (X-Linked Hypophosphatemia)
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
4.	Vitamin D Deficiency
5.	Hypophosphatemia

Experts

1.	Fukumoto, Seiji: 19 articles (07/2015 - 02/2004)
2.	Whyte, Michael P: 11 articles (06/2015 - 01/2007)
3.	Millán, José Luis: 11 articles (03/2015 - 06/2005)
4.	Econs, Michael J: 8 articles (02/2014 - 01/2004)
5.	Imanishi, Yasuo: 7 articles (10/2014 - 01/2004)
6.	Morris, Howard A: 7 articles (10/2013 - 05/2007)
7.	Fujita, Toshiro: 7 articles (10/2011 - 02/2004)
8.	Liu, Shiguang: 7 articles (12/2008 - 07/2006)
9.	Quarles, L Darryl: 7 articles (12/2008 - 07/2003)
10.	Michigami, Toshimi: 6 articles (09/2015 - 06/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Osteomalacia:

1.	Vitamin DFDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1978 - "The osteomalacia can be treated successfully with vitamin D supplements. " 07/01/1987 - "Because this form of osteomalacia is vitamin D resistant, the condition has often been assumed to be irreversible, although promising results have been achieved recently by using a chelating agent for removal of aluminium from the skeleton. " 01/01/2001 - "Osteomalacia responded well to vitamin D therapy. " 01/01/1986 - "The patient suffered from epileptic osteomalacia and responded well to vitamin D treatment. " 12/01/1978 - "Recently acquired knowledge about vitamin D metabolism has improved our understanding in different varieties of osteomalacia. "
2.	CalciumIBA 09/02/1982 - "Our finding that adequate amounts of calcium rapidly improved bone mineralization demonstrates that calcium deficiency can cause osteomalacia in children." 01/01/1981 - "By contrast, adult-presenting hypophosphataemic osteomalacia developed early hypercalcaemia on the same treatment; additional phosphate supplementation, without changing other treatment, abolished hypercalcaemia and improved calcium retention. " 04/01/2008 - "This study suggested that osteomalacia was induced by a direct action of Cd on the bone through abnormal calcium homeostasis at an early stage in male rats." 07/01/2004 - "This study was conducted to assess calcium and Phosphate levels in Kohistani women with osteomalacia. " 03/01/2004 - "The biological (hypocalcaemia, diminished urinary calcium) and radiological (demineralized bone with Looser-Milkmann fractures) results suggest an osteomalacia, diagnostic confirmed by the bone histological study that found out osteoid lines. "
3.	hydroxide ionIBA 01/01/2007 - "In one of the HHRH patients, phosphate administration alone almost completely cured the osteomalacia within a year, although pharmacological doses of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) had little effect. " 06/01/1977 - "In one patient, in whom serial iliac bone samples were available, 2 microgram 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in histological improvement in previously severe osteomalacia. " 01/01/1979 - "Whether 25(OH)D acts more rapidly on bone, as suggested by the studies performed in one case with anticonvulsant osteomalacia, remains to be proven." 10/01/2014 - "This approach will maintain 25(OH)D levels well above the threshold for osteomalacia and makes allowance for the poor accuracy and precision of some 25(OH)D assays." 08/01/2011 - "However there are compelling reasons why 25(OH)D should preferably exceed 75 nmol/L: (A) Scrutiny of actual data specified by the IOM relating 25(OH)D to bone density and osteomalacia shows the desirable minimum 25(OH)D to be 75 nmol/L (30 ng/mL). "
4.	PhosphorusIBA 01/01/2012 - "During the treatment with SFO, it is important to regularly measure the blood levels of phosphorus in order to prevent the occurrence of osteomalacia." 05/01/2010 - "Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia was diagnosed on the basis of the history, clinical presentation, physical examination, radiologic finding and laboratory analyses (lower serum phosphorus level). " 01/01/1998 - "Variation of serum inorganic phosphorus and association with haemoglobinuria and osteomalacia in female water buffaloes in Pakistan." 07/01/1991 - "Uremic rats fed low phosphorus developed osteomalacia characterized by increased osteoid surface, volume, and thickness and osteoid maturation time and decreased mineralizing surface. " 01/01/1990 - "When compared to the NCNP SO group after seven days, only uremic rats fed low phosphorus diets developed osteomalacia characterized by an increase in the osteoid thickness, surface and volume, a prolonged osteoid maturation time, and a decreased bone formation rate. "
5.	Ergocalciferols (Ergocalciferol)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1987 - "Both patients were treated with very large doses of vitamin D2 and phosphate without improvement in the osteomalacia or normalization of the serum phosphate. " 04/01/1982 - "The efficacy of vitamin D2 in the dose of 2000 IU daily in reversing anticonvulsant osteomalacia was studied in nine epileptic inpatients. " 01/01/1984 - "A possible role of vitamin D2 in producing osteomalacia is not easy to understand since normal serum levels of 25(OH)-D2, the circulating form of vitamin D2, have been reported. " 08/01/1978 - "Ca infusion (1500 mg/m2/12 h) induced an increase in serum P level to 3.2 mg/100 ml, in tubular phosphate reabsorption from 72 to 90%, while serum iPTH decreased to 33 micron1Eq/ml. Vitamin D2 administration (45 mg) resulted in increased 25-OHCC concentration to 28 ng/ml and in healing of pelvic osteomalacia. " 01/01/1977 - "Effect of long-term vitamin D2 treatment on bone morphometry and biochemical values in anticonvulsant osteomalacia."
6.	AluminumIBA 07/01/1991 - "The objectives for this study were to use this model to investigate the role of aluminum (Al) in both the induction and resolution of osteomalacia. " 01/01/1990 - "In the present study, PTH was continuously infused in rats with aluminum-induced osteomalacia to evaluate whether aluminum administration decreased mineralization without a concomitant decrease in osteoblasts. " 03/01/1988 - "Although aluminum exposure is associated with low-turnover osteomalacia, there are few studies of hepatotoxicity. " 11/01/1986 - "Because the concentration of aluminum used in this study is well within the range of serum aluminum levels seen in chronic dialysis patients, the direct effects of aluminum on osteoblast-mediated mineralization shown in the present study may underlie the development of so-called aluminum-induced "osteomalacia" in certain dialysis patients." 09/01/1986 - "In conclusion, these studies suggest that DFO and/or discontinuation of Al administration to rats with approximately 30% of renal function greatly improve aluminum-induced osteomalacia."
7.	Deferoxamine (Desferal)FDA LinkGeneric 01/18/1986 - "It is concluded that a moderate dose of desferrioxamine administered once a week is effective against osteomalacia due to aluminium toxicity." 01/01/1987 - "The use of intravenous and intraperitoneal desferrioxamine in aluminium osteomalacia." 01/01/1985 - "Lower FS were associated with a higher increase in serum aluminium after desferrioxamine (DFO) administration and in two cases of proven aluminium osteomalacia, DFO therapy was followed by a dramatic increase in FS." 01/01/1985 - "The bone scans of 32 patients on regular dialysis who received desferrioxamine therapy for fracturing osteomalacia secondary to aluminium intoxication are reviewed. " 01/01/1984 - "Diagnosis: dialysis osteomalacia with response to desferrioxamine therapy."
8.	Calcitriol (Calcijex)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1986 - "Bone histomorphologic studies in the adult patient showed extreme osteomalacia, which partially improved with calcitriol. " 11/01/2013 - "Initial therapy consisted of oral phosphate and calcitriol with symptomatic and biochemical improvement and healing of osteomalacia. " 01/01/1988 - "Low calcitriol level contributes to the osteomalacia directly and indirectly through impaired mineral absorption and, therefore, is also responsible for the hypocalciuria." 10/01/1986 - "Treatment with phosphate and calcitriol reversed the osteomalacia. " 03/08/1986 - "Calcitriol should be considered in the treatment of osteomalacia induced by gastrointestinal disorders."
9.	1,25-dihydroxyvitamin DIBA 10/01/1995 - "Osteomalacia associated with adult acquired Fanconi's syndrome is thought to result from hypophosphataemia and relative 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D deficiency. " 02/01/1987 - "[Serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in cases of osteomalacia, parathyroid dysfunction and idiopathic hypercalciuria]." 03/01/1982 - "Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in subjects with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and osteomalacia." 01/01/1992 - "This disease is characterized, and differs from other forms of hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets and/or osteomalacia by increased serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, hypercalciuria and complete remission of the disease on phosphate therapy alone. " 04/01/2010 - "X-Linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by renal phosphate wasting, with inappropriately low or normal serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations causing rickets and osteomalacia. "
10.	Calcifediol (Calcidiol)FDA Link 05/01/2013 - "Enhancement of hepatic 4-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 through CYP3A4 induction in vitro and in vivo: implications for drug-induced osteomalacia." 04/01/1986 - "We surveyed calcidiol levels (25-OH-D) in a geographically-defined population of 373 women, ages 20-80 yr to test for an association between occult osteomalacia and excess bone loss. " 01/01/1983 - "In the few patients studied, there was no relationship between osteomalacia and serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol level. " 11/28/1981 - "Osteomalacia in presence of "normal" serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration." 12/23/1977 - "It was shown that the serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol level and the skeletal radiograph were the most valuable in the early detection of osteomalacia. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) 01/01/1991 - "In seven follow-up biopsies OF improved in 3 cases, osteomalacia improved in 1, became aplastic in 1, while aplastic bone worsened in 1 and changed to mild OF in 1. We conclude that the predominant bone lesion in our patients at start of CAPD is OF, but 15% already have aplastic bone. " 01/01/1985 - "Osteomalacia also improved in two of the three patients in whom it was initially present and did not develop in any patient whilst on CAPD. " 01/01/1983 - "Fracture osteomalacia, CAPD, and aluminium." 06/01/1987 - "Osteomalacia, assessed qualitatively and by dynamic histomorphometric measurements, was ameliorated to a much greater degree in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis compared with hemodialysis-treated patients. " 01/01/1987 - "A 32-year-old male with aluminium osteomalacia was changed from haemodialysis to chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) because of vascular access problems. "
2.	Parathyroidectomy 01/01/1993 - "In group 3 patients parathyroidectomy is not recommended to avoid a drastic progress of osteomalacia." 09/01/1992 - "In Group 2 patients with the mixed form of uremic osteodystrophy and less manifest osteomalacia as against fibrous osteodystrophy, subtotal or partial parathyroidectomy is advisable only in cases when conservative therapy is of no avail and fibrous dystrophy is progressing. " 01/01/1987 - "The combination of fibrous osteodystrophy and osteomalacia (22%) is regarded as a contraindication for parathyroidectomy. " 11/01/1985 - "This shortened processing time is valuable when biopsy results are urgently needed to detect osteomalacia or to determine bone features prior to possible parathyroidectomy. " 06/01/1985 - "Histological osteomalacia after parathyroidectomy developed after operation in two patients. "
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 07/01/1975 - "Osteomalacia associated with anticonvulsant drug therapy in mentally retarded children." 07/01/1975 - "Drug-induced osteomalacia appears to be a relatively common disorder in patients receiving long-term anticonvulsant drug therapy. " 08/01/2005 - "The diagnosis work-up revealed that she suffered from osteomalacia due to a chemotherapy-induced Fanconi syndrome. " 08/01/2005 - "Chemotherapy-induced Fanconi syndrome is a dangerous condition that could lead to severe electrolyte disturbances and rarely to osteomalacia. " 08/01/2005 - "Osteomalacia due to chemotherapy-induced Fanconi syndrome in an adult patient."
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 10/01/1974 - "After treatment a repeat biopsy in one of the patients with osteomalacia showed marked reduction in osteoid. " 09/01/2007 - "To report the outcomes of tumor-induced osteomalacia after treatment, particularly related to recovery of bone mass. " 09/01/2007 - "Clinical and bone density outcomes of tumor-induced osteomalacia after treatment." 01/01/1999 - "Tumor-related osteomalacia followed after treatment by hyperparathyroidism." 11/01/2004 - "Our observations suggest that the dynamic relationship between calcium, phosphate and bone requires at least a year, and probably longer, to reach an equilibrium after treatment for osteomalacia in elderly patients. "
5.	Parenteral Nutrition 03/01/1980 - "In 12 patients, bone biopsies at 6 to 73 months after the start of parenteral nutrition showed osteomalacia. " 09/01/2002 - "Initial reports from the early 1980s suggested that both osteoporosis and osteomalacia were quite common in patients who receive long-term parenteral nutrition. " 12/01/1980 - "Ribs from 3 preterm infants, who had died after prolonged intravenous feeding and artificial ventilation, were examined histologically and assessed for the degree of osteomalacia and osteoporosis in cancellous bone of the shaft. " 08/01/2004 - "Metabolic bone disease (MBD) is abnormal bone metabolism and includes the common disorders of osteoporosis and osteomalacia, which can develop in patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition (PN). " 11/01/2012 - "Very promising results with the use of QUS have been obtained in corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Cushing's syndrome, cystic fibrosis, osteomalacia, thalassemia and osteopenia related to parenteral nutrition. "