Induced Heart Arrest (Cardioplegia)

A procedure to stop the contraction of MYOCARDIUM during HEART SURGERY. It is usually achieved with the use of chemicals (CARDIOPLEGIC SOLUTIONS) or cold temperature (such as chilled perfusate).

Also Known As:

Networked: 1705 relevant articles (133 outcomes, 203 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Therapy Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Yeh, Chi-Hsiao: 10 articles (04/2013 - 05/2003)
2.	Lin, Yu-Min: 9 articles (04/2013 - 04/2005)
3.	Chen, Tzu-Ping: 8 articles (04/2013 - 05/2005)
4.	Bianchi, Cesario: 8 articles (01/2008 - 08/2003)
5.	Sellke, Frank W: 8 articles (01/2008 - 08/2003)
6.	Feng, Jun: 7 articles (01/2008 - 04/2002)
7.	Wang, Yao-Chang: 6 articles (04/2013 - 05/2003)
8.	Levitsky, Sidney: 6 articles (07/2009 - 03/2002)
9.	McCully, James D: 6 articles (07/2009 - 03/2002)
10.	Tsai, Min-Shan: 5 articles (03/2014 - 07/2007)

Related Diseases

1.	Ischemia 09/01/1998 - "The experimental results suggest that such interventions could be beneficial in clinical situations such as cardioplegia, heart preservation, or recovery from ischemia." 02/01/1996 - "A significant reduction in endothelium-dependent vascular function was observed after 40 minutes of ischemia (-31.8% +/- 6.6% vs -50.4% +/- 1.6% in control hearts, p < 0.05), and again this was improved by cardioplegia (-45.0% +/- 3.4%, p < 0.05 vs ischemic group). " 12/01/2003 - "Preconditioning with cardioplegia is more effective in reducing apoptosis than is preconditioning with ischemia in the human myocardium." 11/01/1994 - "With the continuing search for superior methods of myocardial protection, we compared the protective efficacy of ischemic preconditioning with that of St Thomas' cardioplegia, alone and in combination, against vascular and myocyte injury during ischemia and reperfusion. " 11/01/1992 - "Retrograde is superior to antegrade continuous warm blood cardioplegia for acute cardiac ischemia."
2.	Hypothermia 08/01/1992 - "The findings suggest that, even though no consensus exists about its ideal composition, cardioplegia in conjunction with hypothermia is currently the strategy most often used for pediatric myocardial protection." 01/01/1987 - "Cardioplegia is most effective when combined with the additive properties of hypothermia, which plays a significant role in decreasing myocardial metabolism. " 01/01/2014 - "Inclusion criteria thus far have not embraced drug-induced cardiac arrest, but clinical evidence has been mounting that therapeutic hypothermia may be beneficial in such cases. " 09/01/1996 - "In hypertrophied hearts, protection by topical hypothermia alone resulted in significantly improved postischemic recoveries of maximum left ventricular pressure and rate of pressure rise compared with the method of slow cooling or application of cardioplegia (40.6% +/- 5.0% and 38.1% +/- 5.9%, mean +/- standard error of the mean; p < 0.05). " 03/01/1983 - "The small increase in risk compared to the significant improvement from the combined approach has led to the following principles: coronary arteriography on all adult patients requiring valvular operations; bypass of all significant coronary lesions; restoration of valvular function and hemodynamics; and myocardial preservation with cold cardioplegia during a single period of cross clamping, topical cold, and systemic hypothermia."
3.	Reperfusion Injury 01/01/1990 - "The study shows that previously infarcted hearts are susceptible to ischemic damage even after 2 h of regular hypothermic, ischemic cardioplegia and that a gentle reperfusion technique significantly ameliorates reperfusion injury." 01/01/2006 - "Controlled cardiac reoxygenation, as an adjunct to substrate-enhanced cardioplegia, has been shown to improve myocardial function and limit reperfusion injury when utilizing standardized hyperoxic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). " 03/01/1995 - "[Efficacy of terminal warm blood cardioplegia against the reperfusion injury]." 10/01/2003 - "In the present study, we examined whether leukocyte depletion as an adjunct to terminal blood cardioplegia attenuates reperfusion injury. " 07/01/2000 - "However, some studies suggest that activated neutrophils form blood cardioplegia can cause reperfusion injury. "
4.	Heart Arrest (Cardiac Arrest) 10/01/2010 - "Combination treatment using original SHA solution and additional blood cardioplegia was effective in patients who required prolonged cardiac arrest." 08/01/2000 - "And cardioplegia technique employed these components improved clinical results of open heart surgery except special cases which require longer cardiac arrest. " 11/01/2008 - "We used a murine model of 8 mins of untreated KCl-induced cardiac arrest followed by resuscitation and return of spontaneous circulation to study mitochondrial functions in four groups of animals: 1) after 8 min cardiac arrest (CA8) but no resuscitation, 2) 30 min postreturn of spontaneous circulation (R30), 3) 60 min postreturn of spontaneous circulation (R60), and in 4) shams. " 11/01/2007 - "Aim of the study was to develop an in vivo model of rat CPB with hypothermic cardiac arrest and the use of cardioplegia. " 10/01/1996 - "To study this, we compared the effects of continuous and intermittent antegrade warm (37 degrees C) blood cardioplegia on functional recovery after prolonged cardiac arrest (180 minutes). "
5.	Stroke (Strokes) 11/01/1989 - "However, the left ventricular stroke work index, when expressed as a function of its prebypass control value, was significantly improved (p less than 0.01) in the cohort administered combined cardioplegia. " 04/01/1984 - "We found slight but significant improvement in the blood cardioplegia group regarding left ventricular stroke work index. " 01/01/1987 - "Postoperatively, blood cardioplegia resulted in better LV performance (higher LV stroke work index at a similar LV end-diastolic volume index [EDVI]) (p = .01), better LV systolic function (similar systolic blood pressures at smaller LV end-systolic volume indexes [ESVI]), (p = .04), and improved LV diastolic function (lower left atrial pressures at similar LVEDVIs) (p = .03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" 06/01/2003 - "Compared with normocalcemic cardioplegia, hypocalcemic cardioplegia improved preservation of left ventricular (LV) systolic function (88% +/- 2.2% vs 64% +/- 15% recovery of end-systolic elastance, p = 0.02), diastolic function (12% +/- 21% vs 38% +/- 11% increase in end-diastolic stiffness, p = 0.04), and myocardial contractility (97% +/- 9.6% vs 75.2% +/- 13% recovery of preload recruitable stroke work [PRSW], p = 0.04). " 07/01/1995 - "Furthermore, if only warm (> 33 degrees C) versus cold (< 30 degrees C) systemic perfusion is examined in all studies for the incidence of stroke irrespective of cardioplegia temperature or antegrade versus retrograde coronary perfusion (warm 2.1%; cold 1.6%), the above study remains a significant outlier. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Potassium
2.	crystalloid solutions
3.	Adenosine
4.	Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
5.	Calcium
6.	Oxygen
7.	Cardioplegic Solutions
8.	Histidine (L-Histidine)
9.	Arginine (L-Arginine)
10.	Glucose (Dextrose)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Cardiopulmonary Bypass (Heart-Lung Bypass)
2.	Transplants (Transplant)
3.	Coronary Artery Bypass (Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery)
4.	Extracorporeal Circulation
5.	Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)