Heart Arrest (Cardiac Arrest)

Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.

Also Known As:

Networked: 11039 relevant articles (574 outcomes, 1149 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypothermia
2.	Ventricular Fibrillation
3.	Ventricular Tachycardia
4.	Myocardial Infarction
5.	Shock

Experts

1.	Berg, Robert A: 91 articles (11/2015 - 02/2002)
2.	Tang, Wanchun: 69 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
3.	Callaway, Clifton W: 55 articles (01/2016 - 02/2002)
4.	Nadkarni, Vinay M: 54 articles (12/2015 - 07/2003)
5.	Sterz, Fritz: 54 articles (10/2015 - 04/2002)
6.	Weil, Max Harry: 54 articles (11/2012 - 01/2002)
7.	Sun, Shijie: 47 articles (05/2015 - 04/2002)
8.	Abella, Benjamin S: 45 articles (11/2015 - 06/2004)
9.	Kochanek, Patrick M: 44 articles (11/2015 - 01/2002)
10.	Becker, Lance B: 44 articles (09/2015 - 10/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Heart Arrest:

1.	Epinephrine (Adrenaline)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1990 - "A prospective, randomized, blinded study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of standard compared with high-dose epinephrine in cardiac arrest in dogs. " 06/01/1995 - "To compare the efficacy of high-dose epinephrine (HDE) and standard-dose epinephrine (SDE) for out-of-hospital treatment of pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). " 10/08/1992 - "High-dose epinephrine was not found to improve survival or neurologic outcomes in adult victims of cardiac arrest." 05/01/1986 - "In both series, pure respiratory arrest had a significantly better outcome than cardiopulmonary arrest, and predictors of nonsurvival were a duration of arrest greater than 15 min and the administration of more than one iv bolus of epinephrine. " 07/01/2012 - "This study aimed to investigate whether early epinephrine administration in out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (OHCA) patients was associated with improved outcomes and to address the selection bias inherent in observational studies (more severe cases are more likely to receive epinephrine). "
2.	Vasopressins (Vasopressin)IBA 10/01/2005 - "Although there is a suggestion that vasopressin may be effective in treatment of asystole, the evidence for this arises from a subgroup analysis that should be viewed as hypothesis generating. " 01/01/2012 - "Prior meta-analyses-reported results of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1997 and 2004 failed to show any vasopressin-related benefit in cardiac arrest. " 01/01/2012 - "Vasopressin for cardiac arrest: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." 04/01/2009 - "No veterinary clinical trials have been performed using vasopressin in cardiopulmonary arrest. " 10/01/2005 - "Prospective, randomized, controlled trials that evaluated efficacy or safety endpoints of vasopressin in the management of cardiac arrest were included. "
3.	Amiodarone (Amiodarona)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2012 - "Available studies demonstrated a convincing efficacy of IV amiodarone in ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. " 09/01/2001 - "The endpoint of the only cardiac arrest study available shows improved survival when amiodarone is combined with other drugs over placebo until the patient gets to the emergency department, but is not a comparison with other current drugs nor had any effect on long-term survival or functioning neurologic status. " 03/01/2006 - "These results should provoke other institutions to question whether amiodarone has improved survival of cardiac arrest under the conditions prevailing in their hospitals. " 02/01/2005 - "In the CASCADE trial, carried out in survivors of cardiac arrest, the prescription of amiodarone in patients with IAD significantly reduced the number of defibrillation shocks. " 09/01/2001 - "Clinicians should be cautious in considering the use of amiodarone in a field setting for cardiac arrest until studies clearly show a benefit over drugs currently in use. "
4.	OxygenIBA 02/01/1992 - "We conclude that using the pharyngeal lumen of the PtL for continuous delivery of oxygen combined with external chest compressions can provide a safe and effective mode of oxygenation and ventilation during cardiac arrest." 04/01/2014 - "The use of automated mechanical chest compression device during in-hospital cardiac arrest may lead to improved oxygen delivery and organ perfusion." 07/01/2000 - "The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that a head down position may prevent aspiration during chest compressions alone and whether oxygenation can be improved by simply insufflation of oral oxygen 10 min after cardiac arrest. " 11/01/2015 - "This study investigated the value of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) monitoring upon arrival at the hospital for predicting post-cardiac arrest intervention outcomes. " 05/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) and in-hospital (IH) mortality in children after cardiac arrest (CA) using the conventional cutoff analysis, which was compared with the cumulative analysis, a new method in PaO2 analysis. "
5.	AdenosineFDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2000 - "Safety and efficacy of high-dose adenosine-induced asystole during endovascular AAA repair." 08/01/1996 - "In the anesthetized patient, trial doses of intravenous adenosine are delivered until a > or = 20-second period of asystole is recorded. " 12/05/2015 - "Cumulative concentration-effect curves of adenosine and CPA resulted in a negative chronotropic effect culminating in cardiac arrest at 1000μM (adenosine) and 1µM (CPA). " 12/01/2015 - "The median dose of adenosine was 22.5 mg (range, 5-50 mg) and the asystole time ranged from 20 to 40 seconds. " 11/01/2015 - "Adenosine-induced transient asystole is an alternative method of flow arrest. "
6.	Lactic AcidFDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2007 - "Effective lactate clearance is associated with improved outcome in post-cardiac arrest patients." 07/01/2006 - "This retrospective study showed the limitation of PCPS therapy for patients with an episode of cardiac arrest who did not show improvement in their APACHE II score, urine output, serum lactate levels, and catecholamine dose received within 72 hours after PCPS induction. " 11/01/2014 - "Use of the modified early warning score and serum lactate to prevent cardiopulmonary arrest in hematology-oncology patients: a quality improvement study." 08/01/2014 - "The objective of the current study was to determine the association between percent lactate change and outcomes in post-cardiac arrest patients. " 08/01/2014 - "Initial lactate and lactate change in post-cardiac arrest: a multicenter validation study."
7.	Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)IBA 05/01/1982 - "Compared with results in a group undergoing simple ischemic arrest, significantly greater myocardial adenosine triphosphate concentrations were present at 90 and 120 minutes of cardiac arrest in the coronary artery washout group. " 01/01/2013 - "Further, the most recent ISSUE trials suggest that in older very symptomatic patients with VVS in whom an asystole has been documented during spontaneous episode or possibly after ATP administration, implantation of a permanent pacemaker (PPM) can be effective. " 12/05/2015 - "Furthermore, ATP produced a negative chronotropic effect at 1-300µM and cardiac arrest at 1000μM in the right atrium. " 04/01/2013 - "Severe broncospasm occurred soon after administration of ATP to obtain transient asystole during TEVAR. " 06/01/2010 - "Her symptoms were caused by inhibition of ventricular backup pacing during ATP, leading to ventricular asystoles. "
8.	Cardioplegic SolutionsIBA 01/01/2014 - "Infusion of high-KCl cardioplegic solution (High-KCS) is the most common method used to induce asystole before cardiac surgery. " 05/01/2012 - "During heart procurement we initially infused 1,000 mL cold St Thomas cardioplegic solution to achieve cardiac arrest. " 01/01/2012 - "Surgical technique include mitral valve repair or replacement through right lateral minithoracotomy, percutaneous cannulation for venous drainage and optional femoral or distal ascendant aortic cannulation for vacuum assisted CPB, direct cross clamping of the aorta with anterograde administration of the cardioplegic solution for inducing cardiac arrest. " 04/01/2005 - "This procedure has traditionally been "invasive", requiring a micro-surgery technique, institution of extra-corporeal circulation, as well as temporary cardiac arrest with a cardioplegic solution. " 02/01/2003 - "Cardiac arrest was induced with 4 degrees C St. Thomas cardioplegic solution, at which point the heart was made globally ischemic by withholding perfusion for 45 min followed by 40 min reperfusion. "
9.	CalciumIBA 01/01/2003 - "The aim of this study was to examine the myocardial histohematic barriers during the rehabilitation period after a cardiac arrest for 10 min. The electron histochemical analysis was applied to evaluate the permeability of histohematic barriers, to assess their ultrastructure and calcium localization. " 08/01/1991 - "Recently, however, the use of calcium during cardiac arrest has come into dispute, as there are no controlled clinical trials supporting a favourable haemodynamic effect. " 01/01/1985 - "Neurological recovery after cardiac arrest: clinical feasibility trial of calcium blockers." 04/01/1984 - "Additional studies are needed to define the role of calcium and its antagonists in the treatment of asystole and PIVR." 08/01/1983 - "A prospective, controlled, blind study was done to test the effect of a calcium entry blocker on the neurologic integrity of dogs after cardiopulmonary arrest. "
10.	PotassiumIBA 02/01/1987 - "Although Mg possesses negative inotropic properties, potassium (K) is more effective than Mg in inducing cardiac arrest. " 04/01/2005 - "This study looked at the agreement between potassium measurements in arterial blood gas samples and venous blood samples in patients in cardiac arrest. " 10/01/1990 - "In an associated clinical study the plasma potassium concentration during cardiac arrest was documented from a retrospective review of 138 cardiac arrests in a paediatric population. " 12/01/2015 - "Here we present a patient admitted with a core temperature of 26.6°C (80°F) and a serum potassium of 8.5 mmol/l who subsequently went into cardiac arrest. " 08/01/2015 - "Cardiopulmonary arrest was induced in sedated rats by overload of potassium (K(+)). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 10/01/2012 - "Important attitudes were as follows: 1) CPR instructions may help the patient and are likely to be beneficial for the caller; 2) abnormal breathing is an early sign of cardiac arrest; and 3) dispatch-assisted CPR instructions can improve survival. " 04/01/2011 - "This article focuses on important advances in the science of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the last decade that have led to a significant improvement in understanding the complex physiology of cardiac arrest and critical interventions for the initial management of cardiac arrest and postresuscitation treatment. " 06/01/2012 - "Good outcomes after prolonged CPR depend on the patient's pre-arrest condition and the etiology of the cardiac arrest. " 10/01/2009 - "2. The efficacy of external chest compression in generating coronary and cerebral perfusion in cardiopulmonary resuscitation can be significantly impaired when cardiac arrest has occurred during exercise. " 04/01/2008 - "Non-intubated status before arrest, cardiac arrest in the emergency department and shorter duration of CPR were independent predictors of good outcome."
2.	Resuscitation 01/01/2015 - "The model has been highly effective in developing new resuscitation concepts and examining novel therapeutic interventions before their testing in larger and translationally more relevant animal models of cardiac arrest and resuscitation. " 01/01/2011 - "Advances in resuscitation science have dramatically improved survival rates following cardiac arrest. " 11/01/2014 - "Of the patients receiving resuscitation, survival to hospital discharge was 1.1% for asystole and 5.9% for PEA (p<0.001), with no significant improvement observed over the 10 year study period. " 04/01/2014 - "Although there is increasing acceptance of out-of-hospital termination of resuscitation for adult traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest when there is no expectation of a good outcome, children are routinely excluded from state termination-of-resuscitation protocols. " 04/01/2014 - "Although there is increasing acceptance of out-of-hospital termination of resuscitation for adult traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest when there is no expectation of a good outcome, children are routinely excluded from state termination-of-resuscitation protocols. "
3.	Defibrillators (Defibrillator) 01/01/2006 - "Automated external defibrillators deployed in readily accessible, well-marked areas, are really very effective in assisting patients with cardiac arrest. " 10/17/2002 - "Automated external defibrillators deployed in readily accessible, well-marked public areas in Chicago airports were used effectively to assist patients with cardiac arrest. " 09/26/2001 - "Installation of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) on passenger aircraft has been shown to improve survival of cardiac arrest in that setting, but the cost-effectiveness of such measures has not been proven. " 11/01/2009 - "In this study we compared the efficacy of two different commercial defibrillators based on defibrillation success in a high impedance porcine model of cardiac arrest. " 01/01/2007 - "Automated external defibrillators appear to be cost-effective in locations with high incidences of cardiac arrest."
4.	Induced Hypothermia 12/01/2014 - "In this registry study of an in-hospital cardiac arrest population treated with mild induced hypothermia, we found a 41% good outcome at hospital discharge and 34% at follow-up. " 07/01/2015 - "The present study evaluated the efficacy of pharmacologically induced hypothermia on survival and neurological outcome in rats resuscitated from cardiac arrest. " 04/01/2012 - "Experimental animal studies and previous randomized trials suggest an improvement in mortality and neurologic function with induced hypothermia after cardiac arrest. " 06/01/2008 - "Induced hypothermia (HT) after cardiac arrest improved outcomes in randomized trials. " 05/01/2015 - "There is evidence to suggest that the use of mild induced hypothermia (MIH) in patients who have had cardiac arrest can improve neurological prognosis and long-term survival to discharge rates, although there is some debate in the literature on the efficacy of the procedure. "
5.	Cardiopulmonary Bypass (Heart-Lung Bypass) 08/01/2011 - "Thus, therapeutic administration of H(2)S exerts cardioprotective effects in a variety of experimental models, including a significant improvement of the recovery of myocardial and endothelial function in a canine model of cardiopulmonary bypass with hypothermic cardiac arrest." 06/01/1997 - "Endovascular cardiopulmonary bypass using the endoaortic clamp was effective in achieving cardiac arrest and myocardial protection to allow internal mammary artery to coronary artery anastomosis in a still and bloodless field. " 05/01/2003 - "To investigate the myocardial protective effects of beating heart versus heart arrest in goats undergoing open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). " 07/01/1978 - "This study describes ultrastructural, enzymatic, and functional assessments of the efficacy of three infusates (Bretschneider, Kirsch, and St. Thomas' Hospital) in a rat heart model of cardiopulmonary bypass and ischemic cardiac arrest. " 03/01/2015 - "This study was conducted with a pig cardiopulmonary bypass preparation to decrease the core temperature to 29-35°C range at 20 minutes before and 60 minutes during heart arrest. "