Cytotoxins

Substances that are toxic to cells; they may be involved in immunity or may be contained in venoms. These are distinguished from CYTOSTATIC AGENTS in degree of effect. Some of them are used as CYTOTOXIC ANTIBIOTICS. The mechanism of action of many of these are as ALKYLATING AGENTS or MITOSIS MODULATORS.

Also Known As:

Networked: 2616 relevant articles (211 outcomes, 251 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Das, Umashankar: 8 articles (07/2014 - 04/2007)
2.	Blay, Jean-Yves: 7 articles (01/2012 - 06/2004)
3.	Wilson, William R: 6 articles (11/2014 - 09/2004)
4.	Dimmock, Jonathan R: 6 articles (04/2014 - 08/2007)
5.	Debinski, Waldemar: 6 articles (10/2013 - 01/2002)
6.	Grant, Steven: 6 articles (01/2012 - 02/2003)
7.	Reynolds, C Patrick: 6 articles (12/2010 - 04/2004)
8.	Neri, Dario: 5 articles (11/2015 - 04/2006)
9.	Giaccia, Amato J: 5 articles (09/2014 - 02/2004)
10.	Schlievert, Patrick M: 5 articles (06/2014 - 09/2009)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 06/01/2003 - "Clearly, many of today's cytotoxic agents have been shown to be effective in-vitro and in animal model systems; however, few have proved efficacious in dramatically improving survival outcomes in adult cancer. " 10/15/2000 - "These studies suggest that fusion constructs targeting the HER2/neu surface domain and containing TNF are more effective cytotoxic agents in vitro than native TNF and may be effective against tumor cells expressing intermediate, but not high, levels of HER2/neu." 09/01/2015 - "However, the size-dependency of the EPR, the limited penetration of nanoparticles into the tumor as well as the rapid binding of the particles or the released cytotoxic agents to cancer cells and stromal components inhibit the uniform distribution of the drug and the efficacy of the treatment. " 01/15/2004 - "Successful therapy requires that the cytotoxic agents reach the tumor cells. " 11/14/2015 - "Targeted nanoparticles have gained considerable attention as an efficient drug and gene delivery system, which is due to their capability in achieving the highest accumulation of cytotoxic agents in tumor tissue, modifiable drug pharmacokinetic- and bio-distribution, improved effectiveness of treatment, and limited side-effects. "
2.	Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer) 02/01/2005 - "Although breast cancer is most often treated with conventional cytotoxic agents it has proved difficult to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells, but improved clinical responses may be obtained by identifying therapies that are particularly effective in activating apoptosis. " 01/01/2005 - "Although breast cancer is most often treated with conventional cytotoxic agents it has proved difficult to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells and, consequently, improved clinical responses may be obtained by identifying therapies that are particularly effective in activating apoptosis. " 01/01/2001 - "Despite the common clinical use of numerous active cytotoxic agents for breast cancer therapy, and the combinations that are derived from them, the median survival for patients with metastatic breast cancer has not been dramatically improved over the past two decades. " 09/01/2013 - "Collectively, these data imply that BCL-2 hypermethylation provides a robust biomarker of response to current and next-generation cytotoxic agents in endocrine-resistant breast cancer, which may prove beneficial in directing therapeutic strategy for patients with nonresectable, metastatic disease." 03/01/2012 - "Despite current trend of targeted therapy development, cytotoxic agents are a mainstay of treatment of patients with breast cancer. "
3.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis) 12/01/1988 - "The high incidence of distant metastases underscores the need for earlier diagnosis and effective systemic cytotoxic agents if survival is to be significantly improved in these patients." 07/01/1998 - "Efficacy of cytotoxic agents for the prevention of laparoscopic port-site metastases." 07/01/1998 - "This study investigated in an experimental model the influence of cytotoxic agents (administered intraperitoneally or intramuscularly) on the development of port-site metastases following laparoscopic surgery. " 01/01/2014 - "Currently inhaled non-specific cytotoxic agents have been evaluated as a future treatment for local disease control and distant metastasis control. " 10/01/2011 - "MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 cell lines were used for functional assays in vitro (two-dimensional/three-dimensional growth and survival) and in vivo (tumorigenicity and metastasis), in the presence or absence of EPO and/or cytotoxic agents. "
4.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis) 01/01/1997 - "Previously, we have assessed the efficacy of different cytotoxic agents on the viability of SW620 human colonic carcinoma cells in vitro. " 01/01/2001 - "Early clinical trials are being designed to address these concerns; however, the clinical impact of non-cytotoxic agents in epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients must await the completion of randomized evaluations in combination with standard chemotherapeutic regimens." 04/01/2014 - "Recurrent ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) rarely responds to cytotoxic agents. " 05/01/2013 - "In addition, the proapoptotic activity of intracellularly expressed TLR3 may provide the possibility of using TLR3 agonists as novel clinical cytotoxic agents against colon carcinoma cells." 07/29/2011 - "Earlier, we found that knockdown of GAPDH in human carcinoma cell lines resulted in cell proliferation arrest and chemoresistance to S phase-specific cytotoxic agents. "
5.	Ovarian Neoplasms (Ovarian Cancer) 08/01/1982 - "A small number of women with metastatic ovarian cancer can now be cured with cytotoxic agents. " 02/01/2013 - "This study was designed to determine whether LiCl, as a single agent or in combination with cytotoxic agents, reduces ovarian cancer cell growth and metabolic activity at clinically achievable levels. " 12/01/2009 - "Phase I - II trials are now ongoing with mTOR inhibitors in ovarian cancer patients, some in combination with conventional cytotoxic agents. " 05/01/2002 - "Studies comparing various combinations of cytotoxic agents for the treatment of advanced stage ovarian cancer are described. " 11/28/2014 - "These findings indicate that a combination of cytotoxic agents and IGF-1R inhibitor is more effective at early stages of chemoresistant ovarian cancer. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)
2.	Monoclonal Antibodies
3.	Paclitaxel (Taxol)
4.	oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)
5.	bevacizumab
6.	Azathioprine (Imuran)
7.	Steroids
8.	gemcitabine
9.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
10.	trastuzumab (Herceptin)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
3.	Immunotherapy
4.	Plasmapheresis
5.	Therapeutics