Global increase in lifestyle-related diseases, such as
type 2 diabetes mellitus and
hypertension, and
infertility rate due to late marriage has become alarming and problematic. Lifestyle-related diseases and
infertility rate are strongly linked to
urological diseases and are issues that must be resolved to maintain a high QOL. In this review, we elucidated the pathophysiology of
urologic diseases, which authors have been researching, and demonstrated the creation of new therapeutic methods for clinical applications. We have clarified the effects of
testosterone on the tissue structure and endothelial function of the corpus cavernosum using castrated rats. Additionally, we reported that the administration of
testosterone to model rats with
type 2 diabetes suppressed the inflammatory response in the corpus cavernosum and improved erectile function in rats. Furthermore, the effect of anti-
cancer agents on erectile function was analyzed using the database obtained from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS). Finally, we found that the above-mentioned anti-
cancer agents had an affected erectile function in rats. Our study may shed light on possible treatment strategies for improving the QOL of patients with
erectile dysfunction, including maintenance of erectile function.