Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and frequent
neurodegenerative disease in elderly people. In the 21st century, owing to the increasing prevalence of AD, there is a crucial need for finding better and more effective pharmacotherapeutic approaches. This review article demonstrated various sources and possible metabolic pathways of
curcuminoids obtained from Curcuma longa herb, to prevent and treat AD, but the information related to the metabolic fate of
curcuminoids is deficient. Different in vitro and in vivo research studies demonstrating the mechanisms by which
curcuminoids attenuated AD have been summarized. Administration of
curcuminoids has been indicated to inhibit hyperphosphorylation of
tau protein, deposition, and oligomerization of
amyloid beta plaques in several AD models.
Curcuminoids also inhibit
acetylcholinesterase activity, chelate metals and form complexes, have
antioxidant properties, mediate neuroinflammatory signaling pathways by altering the activity of microglial cells, and modulate other related signaling pathways such as the
heme-oxygenase pathway and the
insulin signaling pathways. Briefly
curcuminoids exhibit the capability to be more productive and efficacious compared to many recent treatments due to their
antioxidant, delayed
neuron degeneration, and anti-inflammatory potential. Although their effectiveness as a curative agent is considered to be reduced due to their low bioavailability, if the issue of
curcuminoids' low bioavailability is resolved then
curcuminoid-based medications are hopefully on the horizon against AD.