The clinical data of patients with pulmonary
infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae in ICU of Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2016 to December 2019 were collected. Compared CRKP
pneumonia patients (study group) with
carbapenem antibiotic sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae (CSKP)
pneumonia patients (control group), the clinical characteristics [gender, age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II), duration of
mechanical ventilation, proportion of patients with
mechanical ventilation > 10 days, use of
antibiotics before detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae, white blood cell count (WBC),
C-reactive protein (CRP),
procalcitonin (PCT),
albumin, bedridden for more than 1 month before admission, 28-day mortality] were analyzed. The drug resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in both groups and difference of drug resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to different
antibiotics from 2016 to 2019 were compared. The risk factors of CRKP
infection were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression, and the related drug resistance genes were detected.
RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the study group was older [years old: 81.5 (72.0, 86.0) vs. 78.0 (71.0, 80.5)], APACHE II [point: 25.00 (20.00, 34.00) vs. 19.00 (14.00, 23.25)] and proportion of patients with
mechanical ventilation > 10 days [63.2% (182/288) vs. 12.8% (10/78)], the use of β-lactamase inhibitor
antibiotics before detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae [75.69% (218/288) vs. 30.77% (24/78)], the use of
carbapenems [79.86% (230/288) vs. 41.03% (32/78)], the use of more than two kinds of
antibiotics [80.90% (233/288) vs. 29.49% (23/78)], proportion of patients staying in bed for more than 1 month before admission [40.97% (118/288) vs. 11.54% (9/78)] and WBC [×109/L: 9.72 (6.41, 14.69) vs. 7.57 (5.84, 12.61)], CRP [mg/L: 74.45 (36.30, 158.88) vs. 39.22 (13.68, 92.51)], PCT [μg/L: 3.87 (0.82, 19.24) vs. 0.51 (0.25, 5.71)], 28-day mortality [21.5% (62/288) vs. 10.3% (8/78)] were higher,
albumin [g/L: 24.1 (18.3, 28.6) vs. 30.1 (23.8, 35.1)] was lower, duration of
mechanical ventilation [days: 16.5 (9.0, 19.0) vs. 7.0 (5.0, 10.0)] was longer, the proportion of patients with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [
COPD: 35.76% (103/288) vs. 11.54% (9/78)], malignant
tumor [18.06% (52/288) vs. 5.13% (4/78)],
renal failure [31.94% (92/288) vs. 11.54% (9/78)],
shock [51.74% (149/288) vs. 19.23% (15/78)] were higher, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The drug resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to
aztreonam,
piperacillin/tazobactam,
imipenem and
ciprofloxacin were statistically significant (all P < 0.05); the drug resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to
aztreonam and
piperacillin/tazobactam were the highest in 2019 (88.17% and 86.02%, respectively), and the lowest in 2016 (70.65% and 57.61%, respectively). The drug resistance rate to
imipenem was the highest in 2018 (86.32%), the lowest in 2016 (59.78%); the resistance rate to
ciprofloxacin was the highest in 2016 (76.09%), and the lowest in 2018 (53.68%). The resistance rates of ceftetan,
amikacin,
piperacillin/tazobactam,
ceftazidime,
ceftriaxone and
gentamicin in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (82.99% vs. 62.82%, 49.31% vs. 17.95%, 75.69% vs. 60.26%, 81.25% vs. 64.10%, 80.21% vs. 58.97%, 91.32% vs. 60.26%, all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that
COPD, severe
hypoproteinemia,
mechanical ventilation time > 10 days and the use of
carbapenem antibiotics before detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae were independent risk factors of CRKP
infection. Gene detection showed that there were TEM, KPC, AmpC, AAC(3)-II, ant(3")-I, qnrS and other drug resistance genes in CRKP. The detection rate of TEM was the highest (74.00%), and qnrA was the lowest (6.67%).
CONCLUSIONS: