HOME PRODUCTS SERVICES COMPANY CONTACT FAQ

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Subscribe to New Research on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.

Also Known As:

COPD; COAD; Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Airflow Obstructions, Chronic; Chronic Airflow Obstructions; Airflow Obstruction, Chronic; Chronic Airflow Obstruction; Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease

Networked: 19143 relevant articles (1467 outcomes, 3987 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Respiratory Tract Diseases: 445
- Lung Diseases: 12525
  - Obstructive Lung Diseases: 1206
    - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: 19143
      - Chronic Bronchitis: 2889

Related Diseases

1.	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
2.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma)
3.	Obstructive Lung Diseases (Obstructive Lung Disease)
4.	Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath)
5.	Respiratory Insufficiency (Respiratory Failure)

Experts

1.	Barnes, Peter J: 124 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Wouters, Emiel F M: 109 articles (09/2015 - 01/2002)
3.	Cazzola, Mario: 98 articles (10/2015 - 01/2003)
4.	Sin, Don D: 96 articles (12/2015 - 07/2002)
5.	Vestbo, Jørgen: 95 articles (12/2015 - 08/2002)
6.	Silverman, Edwin K: 92 articles (01/2016 - 01/2003)
7.	Postma, Dirkje S: 84 articles (10/2015 - 02/2002)
8.	Miravitlles, Marc: 65 articles (10/2015 - 09/2002)
9.	Calverley, Peter M A: 64 articles (11/2015 - 10/2003)
10.	Rennard, Stephen I: 63 articles (09/2015 - 08/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease:

1.	tiotropium (Spiriva)FDA Link 05/01/2009 - "A large body of evidence is available at present on the safety and efficacy of tiotropium in COPD, with dry mouth being the most common adverse event. " 12/01/2008 - "Tiotropium appears to be the best option as a first-line drug for patients with moderate-to-severe COPD because of its ability to sustain bronchodilator effect, improve quality of life, reduce COPD exacerbations, and reduce health resource usage. " 01/01/2014 - "To evaluate data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of tiotropium and placebo in patients with COPD, upon clinically important endpoints. " 01/01/2012 - "To evaluate data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of tiotropium and placebo in patients with COPD, upon clinically important endpoints. " 03/01/2010 - "Results of recent clinical trials support findings from earlier trials in patients with moderate to very severe COPD demonstrating significant benefits of tiotropium compared to placebo, including sustained increases in lung function, reductions in exacerbations and risk of exacerbation-related hospitalizations, and improvement in health status. "
2.	OxygenIBA 01/01/2015 - "Thus, a treatment method combining deep-breathing exercise with oxygen inhalation offers more significant lung function improvement in COPD patients than either the deep-breathing exercise or oxygen inhalation alone. " 08/01/2014 - "Oxygen administration for COPD patients in Bogotá significantly increased ET by decreased respiratory load, improved cardiovascular performance and oxygen transport. " 01/01/2013 - "After two nights of CPAP treatment, the apnoea-hypopnoea index and oxygen desaturation index significantly improved in both overlap syndrome and COPD patients, however these changes were significantly greater in the overlap syndrome than in the COPD group. " 08/01/2011 - "Long-term oxygen therapy is beneficial in hypoxemic COPD patients. " 01/01/2006 - "Patients with advanced COPD presented significantly greater Borg and oxygen saturation changes than patients with less severe disease (p = 0.02 and p = 0.001, respectively). "
3.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 01/01/2009 - "Although some studies have recently associated COPD with increased mortality, this association is questionable and the possible improved outcome could be due to the use of systemic corticosteroids in most patients with COPD." 06/01/2006 - "Corticosteroids produce a marked improvement in clinical parameters in most asthmatic patients; in contrast, corticosteroids have little effect on lung function measurements in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. " 01/01/2011 - "The clinical trials in the last 10 years revealed that fix combinations (inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting beta-2 agonist; ICS/LABA) improve lung functions and quality of life, and reduced symptoms and exacerbation rates in patients with severe and very severe COPD." 02/01/2002 - "Because very few therapies offer significant benefits to patients with COPD, and until a test is developed that will distinguish between potential steroid responders from non-responders, it is worthwhile giving all patients with COPD a trial (3-6 months) of inhaled corticosteroids to determine whether they are responsive." 03/01/1978 - "There are several theoretic reasons why corticosteroids might be useful in treating COPD; however the majority of studies have not demonstrated a positive effect, yet individual patients have attained marked improvement. "
4.	Bronchodilator Agents (Bronchodilators)IBA 01/01/2014 - "All guidelines recommend bronchodilators as baseline therapy for all stages of COPD, and long-acting inhaled bronchodilators, both beta-2 agonist (LABA) and antimuscarinic (LAMA) drugs, are the most effective in regular treatment in the clinically stable phase. " 08/01/2000 - "However, since physicians must always choose a drug that is highly efficacious, well tolerated and inexpensive, the cost-effectiveness analysis in relation to other bronchodilators will determine the proper place of long-acting beta2 agonists in the long term therapy of stable COPD." 10/01/2013 - "Novel once-daily dosing bronchodilators, such as the long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) glycopyrronium and the LAMA/long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) fixed-dose combination QVA149, have been shown to provide significant benefits to patients with COPD in terms of improvement in lung function, exercise tolerance, health-related quality of life, symptoms and reduction in the rate of exacerbations. " 11/01/2007 - "Combining bronchodilators has been shown to be beneficial in patients with COPD. " 02/01/1999 - "Our findings indicate that both classes of bronchodilators are equally beneficial in the attenuation of right heart afterload during exercise in patients with COPD."
5.	formoterol (Oxis)FDA Link 01/01/2008 - "There are limited clinical trial data that demonstrate that arformoterol produces significant improvement in lung function in COPD; however, many of the subjects involved had marked baseline airway reversibility. " 01/01/2009 - "These studies demonstrated that treatment with arformoterol significantly improved various lung function parameters, overall clinical status and ability to function, as well as significantly reduced COPD exacerbations and use of rescue medication. " 02/01/2008 - "In these trials, COPD subjects administered nebulized arformoterol demonstrated significant and sustained improvement in lung function over 12 weeks." 05/01/2003 - "The results of this study showed that formoterol inhaled dry powder significantly improved exercise performance in patients with COPD and that this effect was at least partially independent of achieved bronchodilation. " 06/01/2008 - "In COPD patients not responding to the short-acting bronchodilator used in the spirometric test, formoterol promoted significant improvement in lung function at 30 min after of administration. "
6.	salmeterol (Serevent)FDA Link 10/01/1999 - "The study concluded that salmeterol 50 micrograms twice a day is effective in improving lung functions in patients with stable COPD and can be recommended as maintenance therapy for stable COPD patients." 10/01/2002 - "These data indicate that salmeterol is effective and safe in the treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD and support its use in this clinical condition." 03/01/2008 - "The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in patients with COPD, the responsiveness of the ESWT in detecting improvement in walking performance after a single dose of salmeterol. " 06/17/1996 - "This study shows that, compared with placebo, treatment with salmeterol produces an improvement in respiratory symptoms and morning PEF values in patients with moderate to severe COPD. " 07/01/1995 - "This study shows that, compared with placebo, treatment with salmeterol produces an improvement in respiratory symptoms and morning PEF values in patients with moderate to severe COPD. "
7.	Ipratropium (Ipratropium Bromide)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1999 - "It was found that 4 week of treatment with ipratropium bromide solution in patients with COPD led to the following: (1) a significant (p = 0.05) improvement in mean nocturnal SaO2 with the more severe the nocturnal desaturation, the greater the improvement in SaO2; (2) significant (p = 0.03) improvement in perceived sleep quality (VAS: 5.5 +/- 0.5 after placebo; 7.2 +/- 0.5 after ipratropium); (3) a significant (p = 0.05) increase in REM sleep time (48.6 +/- 6.3 min after placebo; 66.5 +/- 6.4 min after ipratropium) with no effect on other sleep stages or total sleep time; and (4) a significant (p = 0.01) increase in pre-sleep FVC and flow rate at 50% of the vital capacity. " 01/29/1996 - "These data suggest that the availability of a high-dose ipratropium bromide solution offers a safe and effective means of producing prolonged bronchodilation in patients with COPD." 01/01/2000 - "[Is nebulized ipratropium bromide effective in the treatment of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?]." 05/01/1989 - "Inhaled ipratropium bromide (IPR) is effective in the management of COPD. " 11/14/1986 - "Single-agent studies have shown ipratropium to be both safe and effective in COPD. "
8.	5- (2- (5,6- diethylindan- 2- ylamino)- 1- hydroxyethyl)- 8- hydroxy- 1H- quinolin- 2- oneIBA 03/05/2012 - "In short-term trials (≤21 days) in patients with COPD, once-daily indacaterol 150 or 300 μg significantly improved lung function, exercise endurance and lung hyperinflation relative to placebo. " 12/03/2010 - "COPD exacerbations and symptoms, and health-related quality of life were also significantly improved for indacaterol versus placebo recipients in some studies. " 05/01/2015 - "The results of the pivotal Phase III IGNITE and EXPEDITION programs show that QVA149 (indacaterol/glycopyrronium FDC) is able to elicit a significant improvement in lung function and patient-reported outcomes, including breathlessness and rescue medication use, reduced rates of COPD exacerbations and health-related quality of life when compared with current standard of care. " 01/01/2015 - "Twelve weeks of indacaterol improved respiratory function and quality of life, but did not significantly affect physical activity in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD." 01/01/2013 - "Indacaterol is safe and beneficial for patients with COPD at dosage ≤150 ug. "
9.	Theophylline (Theon)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1993 - "We conclude that theophylline has clinically significant benefits in patients with severe COPD." 01/01/1991 - "In the group with COPD there was also a significant decrease in steroid dosage--from 22.6 +/- 12.2 to 6.0 +/- 4.5 mg. These changes were not associated with a decline in spirometric values; nor was improvement secondary to improved theophylline levels, as demonstrated by a significant decrease in serum theophylline levels from 12.4 +/- 3.6 mg/dL baseline to 8.5 +/- 2.8 mg/dL (P less than .001) after maximal steroid tapering. " 02/13/1988 - "These data suggest that an unequal twice daily sustained-release theophylline dosing with higher dose in the evening may be beneficial in the treatment of chronic obstructive lung disease." 01/01/2008 - "Treatment of COPD patients with TP is more effective than with theophylline." 12/01/1988 - "Possible favorable actions of theophylline, including improved mucociliary clearance, stimulation of respiratory drive, enhanced cardiovascular function, and increased diaphragmatic contractility and endurance, have either been shown to be minor in degree, or have not been demonstrated in patients with irreversible chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. "
10.	Albuterol (Salbutamol)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2005 - "Nebulised salbutamol improved forced expiratory flow in most patients with COPD, but less hyper-nflated patients tried to reduce the abdominal compartmental volume after active treatment and this reduced their exercise capacity. " 08/01/2006 - "In this study, levalbuterol treatment in subjects with COPD was generally well tolerated, produced significant bronchodilation compared with PBO, and improved clinical control of COPD as evidenced by reductions in rescue medication use compared with PBO and/or RAC." 08/01/2012 - "Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) increase after salbutamol was similar in SC (mean 0.14 litres (SD 0.15)) and COPD (0.12 litres (0.15)) and was significantly greater than NSC (0.08 litres (0.14)). " 07/01/2005 - "There was significant improvement in Emax to inhaled albuterol as the COPD exacerbation resolved. " 09/01/2003 - "Furthermore, especially in the COPD patients a significant decrease was observed in hyperinflation and consequently an improvement in maximal inspiratory pressure as a result of salbutamol via all devices. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Nebulizers and Vaporizers (Inhaler) 04/01/2005 - "Combining an inhaled corticosteroid and a long-acting beta-agonist in the same inhaler increases the efficacy of the latte drug in COPD patients, with a significantly larger improvement in FEV (1), a larger reduction in reported breathlessness, and a reduction in exacerbation numbers in those with severe disease where beta-agonists appear to be less effective. " 01/01/2004 - "The use of written information about the use of inhalers for patients with COPD significantly improved utilization to a degree similar to that obtained with verbal explanations." 07/22/2015 - "A comparison of conventional and online approaches to COPD self-management showed the online system is more effective in terms of health status and inhaler technique." 02/01/2012 - "The current body of evidence regarding nebulizer use for maintenance therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD, including use during exacerbations, suggests that the efficacy of long-term nebulizer therapy is similar, and in some respects superior, to that with pMDI/DPIs. " 12/01/2014 - "The data generated by the pivotal trials indicate that umeclidinium bromide delivered once-daily via the Ellipta™ inhaler is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for COPD. "
2.	Artificial Respiration (Mechanical Ventilation) 05/07/1994 - "Back up pressure face mask is the technique of choice in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in acute decompensation given that this technique leads to a rapid and significant improvement of gaseous exchange and avoids the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation in most of these patients." 11/01/2013 - "Although the authors detected no significant difference in mortality rate at the time of discharge between steroid and streroid-free patients, this study confirms that systemic corticosteroid therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations requiring mechanical ventilation is associated with a significant reduction in the duration of mechanical ventilation. " 11/01/2009 - "There was a significant reduction (P = 0.013) in the period the patients with COPD spent on the mechanical ventilation when received intravenous supplementation (9.4 +/- 7.3 days) compared with the COPD patients who received placebo (17.8 +/- 7.6 days). " 06/01/2008 - "Noninvasive mechanical ventilation can be more effective in patients with moderate-severe exacerbations of COPD and these complications can be minimized by an adequate interface also by the contribution of the physiotherapist experience." 10/01/2010 - "Several randomised controlled clinical trials support the use of NIV in the management of acute exacerbations of COPD, demonstrating a decreased need for mechanical ventilation and an improved survival. "
3.	Positive-Pressure Respiration (PEEP) 09/01/2002 - "The results of this study show some significant benefits with the use of nocturnal, home noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in patients with chronic ventilatory failure due to advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. " 07/01/2014 - "Timely extubation and sequential invasive to noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) at the pulmonary infection control (PIC) window is beneficial for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). " 07/01/2004 - "Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation has been shown to be effective in treating adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but its use has not been studied prospectively in children with acute obstructive lower airways disease. " 01/01/2004 - "Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) with a facemask (FM) is effective in patients with acute exacerbation of their chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. " 09/01/2009 - "Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has been shown to improve exercise tolerance and health-related quality of life in patients with advanced COPD. "
4.	Pneumonectomy (Lung Volume Reduction) 01/01/2001 - "Marked improvement of neuropsychological impairment in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after lung volume reduction surgery." 01/01/2012 - "In COPD, decreased hyperinflation through lung volume reduction is associated with improved O(2) pulse." 01/01/2005 - "Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has been shown to improve lung function, leg exercise capacity and quality of life in subjects with severe COPD. " 09/01/2000 - "To evaluate correlations between improvement in quality of life (QOL) in patients with severe COPD before and after they undergo lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) with changes in pulmonary function tests, gas exchange, exercise performance, and alterations in medical management. " 12/01/2015 - "We re-determined the SGRQ MID for this patient group.115 severe COPD patients (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 26±9% of predicted, SGRQ score 62±11 units; mean±sd,) who participated in seven different bronchoscopic lung volume reduction clinical trials were included in the analysis. "
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 12/01/2013 - "Pharmacotherapy also tends to be more cost-effective in patients with more severe COPD. " 07/01/2014 - "Summarizing all results leads to the suggestion that the German DMP for COPD has been effective in enhancing the quality of care in regard to an improved adherence to guidelines, pharmacotherapy, exacerbations, and self-management education. " 10/01/2013 - "The chemotherapy regimen was COAD-B, the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated every 2 courses. " 05/01/2007 - "Patients' symptoms can be improved by drug therapy, but stopping smoking is also an effective way of improving the outcome in patients at all stages of COPD. " 07/01/2013 - "Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to optimize pharmacotherapy for patients with COPD have been updated based on promising results of randomized clinical trials. "