Mediterranean Diet and Atherothrombosis Biomarkers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Abstract

SCOPE:

To assess whether following a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) improves atherothrombosis biomarkers in high cardiovascular risk individuals.

METHODS AND RESULTS:

In 358 random volunteers from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea trial, the 1-year effects on atherothrombosis markers of an intervention with MedDiet, enriched with virgin olive oil (MedDiet-VOO; n = 120) or nuts (MedDiet-Nuts; n = 119) versus a low-fat control diet (n = 119), and whether large increments in MedDiet adherence (≥3 score points, versus compliance decreases) and intake changes in key food items are associated with 1-year differences in biomarkers. Differences are observed between 1-year changes in the MedDiet-VOO intervention and control diet on the activity of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase in high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) (+7.5% [95% confidence interval: 0.17; 14.8]) and HDL-bound α1 -antitrypsin levels (-6.1% [-11.8; -0.29]), and between the MedDiet-Nuts intervention and the control arm on non-esterified fatty acid concentrations (-9.3% [-18.1; -0.53]). Large MedDiet adherence increments are associated with less fibrinogen (-9.5% [-18.3; -0.60]) and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations (-16.7% [-31.7; -1.74]). Increases in nut, fruit, vegetable, and fatty fish consumption, and decreases in processed meat intake are linked to enhancements in biomarkers.

CONCLUSION:

MedDiet improves atherothrombosis biomarkers in high cardiovascular risk individuals.

• Authors: Álvaro Hernáez, Olga Castañer, Anna Tresserra-Rimbau, Xavier Pintó, Montserrat Fitó, Rosa Casas, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Dolores Corella, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, José Lapetra, Enrique Gómez-Gracia, Fernando Arós, Miquel Fiol, Lluis Serra-Majem, Emilio Ros, Ramón Estruch
• Journal: Molecular nutrition & food research (Mol Nutr Food Res) Vol. 64 Issue 20 Pg. e2000350 (10 2020) ISSN: 1613-4133 [Electronic] Germany
• PMID: 32918853 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Chemical References

• Biomarkers
• Lipoproteins, HDL
• Olive Oil
• alpha 1-Antitrypsin

Topics

• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Atherosclerosis (blood, diet therapy)
• Biomarkers (blood)
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Diet, Mediterranean
• Eating
• Female
• Humans
• Lipoproteins, HDL (blood)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Olive Oil (pharmacology)
• Thrombosis (blood, diet therapy)
• alpha 1-Antitrypsin (analysis)