We aimed to elucidate the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on
fatty liver. We assessed the consumption of alcohol in 2429 Japanese males (mean age: 54.2 ± 9 years); they were classified according to average consumption into non-drinkers (ND), light drinkers (LD), moderate drinkers (MD), and heavy drinkers (HD). The prevalence of
fatty liver was the lowest in the MD and highest in the ND group (p < 0.001), while
obesity was not significantly different among the groups (p = 0.133). Elevated levels of
alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were the lowest in the MD group (p = 0.011) along with resistance to
insulin (homeostasis model assessment-
insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)), which was highest in the ND group (p = 0.001). Chronic consumption of alcohol was independently and inversely associated with
fatty liver and
insulin resistance after adjusting for
obesity,
hypertension, fasting
hyperglycemia, habit of drinking sweet beverages, physical activity, and age (odds ratios are as follows: ND, 1; LD, 0.682; MD, 0.771; HD, 0.840 and ND, 1; LD, 0.724; MD, 0.701; HD, 0.800, respectively). We found that regardless of the type of alcoholic beverage, chronic consumption of alcohol is inversely associated with
insulin resistance and
fatty liver in Japanese males. This study had limitations, most notably the lack of investigation into diet and nutrition.