For thousands of years, it has been widely believed that walnut is a kind of nut that has benefits for the human body. Walnut oil, accounting for about 70% of walnut, mainly consists of
polyunsaturated fatty acids. To investigate the effect of walnut oil on memory impairment in mice,
scopolamine (3 mg/kg
body weight/d) was used to establish the animal model during Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests. Walnut oil was administrated orally
at 10 mL/kg
body weight/d for 8 consecutive weeks. The results showed that walnut oil treatment ameliorated the behavior of the memory-impaired mice in the MWM test. Additionally, walnut oil obviously inhibited
acetylcholinesterase activity (1.26 ± 0.12 U/mg prot) (p = 0.013) and increased
choline acetyltransferase activity (129.75 ± 6.76 U/mg tissue wet weight) in the brains of
scopolamine-treated mice (p = 0.024), suggesting that walnut oil could prevent
cholinergic function damage in mice brains. Furthermore, walnut oil remarkably prevented the decrease in total
superoxide dismutase activity (93.30 ± 5.50 U/mg prot) (p = 0.006) and
glutathione content (110.45 ± 17.70 mg/g prot) (p = 0.047) and the increase of
malondialdehyde content (13.79 ± 0.96 nmol/mg prot) (p = 0.001) in the brain of
scopolamine-treated mice, indicating that walnut oil could inhibit oxidative stress in the brain of mice. Furthermore, walnut oil prevented histological changes of neurons in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions induced by
scopolamine. These findings indicate that walnut oil could prevent memory impairment in mice, which might be a potential way for the prevention of memory dysfunctions.