The Wnt/β‑catenin pathway confers a chain of molecular events in livers affected by non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Namodenoson, a selective agonist of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR), which is highly expressed in pathological liver cells, induces a robust anti‑inflammatory effect in the liver, mediated via the de‑regulation of the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway. Namodenoson also acts as a liver
protective agent by inhibiting
ischemia/reperfusion injury. Based on these unique characteristics, we investigated the anti‑NASH effect of Namodenoson in murine models of
steatohepatitis and in the LX2 human hepatic stellate cell line (HSC). In the STAM model, Namodenoson significantly decreased the non‑alcoholic
fatty liver disease (
NAFLD) activity score,
NAS, demonstrating anti‑inflammatory and anti‑steatotic effects. In the
carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) model, Namodenoson reversed
alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to normal values and significantly improved liver
inflammation and
fibrosis, as well as the
adiponectin and
leptin levels. Namodenoson de‑regulated the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway in the
liver extracts of the CCl4 model mice and in the LX2 HSCs, manifested by a decrease in the expression of
phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K), nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of activated B cells (NF‑κB), β‑catenin, lymphoid enhancer‑binding factor 1 (Lef‑1) and cyclin D1, and an increase in the expression level of
glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK‑3β). The
fibrosis marker, α‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA) was also de‑regulated, supporting the anti‑fibrotic effect of Namodenoson. On the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that Namodenoson exerts an anti‑NASH effect mediated via the de‑regulation of the PI3K/NF‑κB/Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Thus, targeting A3AR may prove to be a novel direction in the
pharmacotherapy of
NAFLD/NASH.