Timosaponin AIII induces apoptosis and autophagy in human melanoma A375-S2 cells.

Abstract

Timosaponin AIII (AIII), a steroidal saponin isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. Our study showed that AIII induced both apoptosis and autophagy, and autophagy inhibited apoptosis in A375S2 cells. Furtherly, this study was carried out to investigate what kind of cytokines plays an important role in this process. The results revealed that AIII induced apoptosis through activating c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) or extracellular signal related kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and generating NO. However, JNK or ERK inhibited autophagy, while NO had no effect on autophagy. Therefore, JNK, ERK or NO regulates two programmed death processes in different ways. AIII did not show obvious cytotoxic effect on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which indicated that AIII has less side effects on normal cells, and could be considered as a leading compound for developing novel anticancer drug.

• Authors: Ye Wang, Lei Xu, Li-Li Lou, Shao-Jiang Song, Guo-Dong Yao, Meng-Yao Ge, Toshihiko Hayashi, Shin-Ichi Tashiro, Satoshi Onodera, Takashi Ikejima
• Journal: Archives of pharmacal research (Arch Pharm Res) Vol. 40 Issue 1 Pg. 69-78 (Jan 2017) ISSN: 1976-3786 [Electronic] Korea (South)
• PMID: 27271334 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Plant Extracts
• Saponins
• Steroids
• timosaponin AIII

Topics

• Anemarrhena
• Apoptosis (drug effects, physiology)
• Autophagy (drug effects, physiology)
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Cell Survival (drug effects, physiology)
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Humans
• Male
• Melanoma (pathology)
• Plant Extracts (isolation & purification, pharmacology)
• Rhizome
• Saponins (isolation & purification, pharmacology)
• Steroids (isolation & purification, pharmacology)