Ustilago maydis is a biotrophic plant pathogenic fungus that leads to
tumor development in the aerial tissues of its host, Zea mays. These
tumors are the result of cell
hypertrophy and
hyperplasia, and are accompanied by the reprograming of primary and secondary metabolism of infected plants. Up to now, little is known regarding key plant actors and their role in
tumor development during the interaction with U. maydis.
Polyamines are small aliphatic
amines that regulate plant growth, development and stress responses. In a previous study, we found substantial increases of
polyamine levels in
tumors. In the present work, we describe the maize
polyamine oxidase (PAO) gene family, its contribution to
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and its possible role in
tumor development induced by U. maydis. Histochemical analysis revealed that chlorotic lesions and maize
tumors induced by U. maydis accumulate H2O2 to significant levels. Maize plants inoculated with U. maydis and treated with the PAO inhibitor
1,8-diaminooctane exhibit a notable reduction of H2O2 accumulation in infected tissues and a significant drop in PAO activity. This treatment also reduced disease symptoms in infected plants. Finally, among six maize PAO genes only the ZmPAO1, which encodes an extracellular
enzyme, is up-regulated in
tumors. Our data suggest that H2O2 produced through PA catabolism by ZmPAO1 plays an important role in
tumor development during the maize-U. maydis interaction.