We analysed CTRP1 levels in sera of CAD patients (n = 451) and non-CAD controls (n = 686), and in coronary
endarterectomy specimens (n = 32), non-atherosclerotic internal mammary arteries (n = 26), aortic
atherosclerotic plaques (n = 15), and non-atherosclerotic aortic samples (n = 10). C1q/TNF-related
protein-levels were higher in sera,
endarterectomy specimens, aortic
atherosclerotic plaques, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CAD patients compared with controls, and were related to CAD severity. The production of CTRP1 was profusely induced by inflammatory
cytokines and itself caused a concentration-dependent expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory markers in human endothelial cells, human peripheral blood monocytes, and THP-1 cells. C1q/TNF-related protein-1 induced p38-dependent monocyte-endothelium adhesion in vitro and the recruitment of leucocytes to mesenteric venules in C57BL/6 mice. Immunohistochemistry of atherosclerotic femoral arteries exhibited CD68 and
VE-cadherin loci-associated increased CTRP1 expression in plaques. Compared with saline,
intraperitoneal injection of recombinant CTRP1
protein (200 μg/kg) every other day promoted
atherogenesis in
apoE(-/-) mice at 24 weeks. However, pro-atherogenic effects were significantly attenuated in CTRP1(-/-)/
apoE(-/-) double-knockout mice compared with
apoE(-/-) mice, with a consistent decrease in vascular adhesion molecule, phospho-p38 and TNF-α expression and macrophage infiltration in plaque in CTRP1(-/-) and double-knockout mice. Tumour
necrosis factor-α-induced expression of adhesion molecules and
cytokines were lower in primary endothelial cells and macrophages from CTRP(-/-) mice than in those from C57BL/6 mice.
CONCLUSION: