Abstract | BACKGROUND: METHODS: The effects of monomethyl fumarate on monocyte transendothelial migration across and adhesion to inflamed human brain endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) were quantified using standardized in vitro migration and adhesion assays. Flow cytometry analysis and qPCR were used to measure the concomitant effects of monomethyl fumarate treatment on protein expression of cell adhesion molecules. Furthermore, the effects of monomethyl fumarate on the expression and nuclear localization of proteins involved in the activation of antioxidant and inflammatory pathways in human brain endothelial cells were elucidated using nuclear fractionation and Western blotting. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test. RESULTS: CONCLUSIONS:
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Authors | Jamie L Lim, Susanne M A van der Pol, Flaminia Di Dio, Bert van Het Hof, Gijs Kooij, Helga E de Vries, Jack van Horssen |
Journal | Microvascular research
(Microvasc Res)
Vol. 105
Pg. 61-9
(May 2016)
ISSN: 1095-9319 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 26679389
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
- Antioxidants
- Cell Adhesion Molecules
- Fumarates
- Maleates
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2
- NF-kappa B
- NFE2L2 protein, human
- citraconic acid
- HMOX1 protein, human
- Heme Oxygenase-1
- NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)
- NQO1 protein, human
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Topics |
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
(pharmacology)
- Antioxidants
(pharmacology)
- Blood-Brain Barrier
(drug effects, metabolism, pathology)
- Cell Adhesion
(drug effects)
- Cell Adhesion Molecules
(metabolism)
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytoprotection
- Endothelial Cells
(drug effects, metabolism, pathology)
- Fumarates
(pharmacology)
- Heme Oxygenase-1
(metabolism)
- Humans
- Leukocytes
(drug effects, metabolism, pathology)
- Maleates
(pharmacology)
- Multiple Sclerosis
(drug therapy, metabolism, pathology)
- NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)
(metabolism)
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2
(metabolism)
- NF-kappa B
(metabolism)
- Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration
(drug effects)
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