The signaling mechanisms regulating neutrophil recruitment, systemic
inflammation, and T-cell dysfunction in polymicrobial
sepsis are not clear. This study explored the potential involvement of the
calcium/
calcineurin-dependent
transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), in abdominal
sepsis. Cecal
ligation and
puncture (CLP) triggered NFAT-dependent transcriptional activity in the lung, spleen, liver, and aorta in NFAT-
luciferase reporter mice. Treatment with the NFAT inhibitor
A-285222 prior to CLP completely prevented
sepsis-induced NFAT activation in all these organs. Inhibition of NFAT activity reduced
sepsis-induced formation of CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL5
chemokines and
edema as well as neutrophil infiltration in the lung. Notably, NFAT inhibition efficiently reduced the CLP-evoked increases in HMBG1,
interleukin 6 (IL-6), and CXCL5 levels in plasma. Moreover, administration of
A-285222 restored
sepsis-induced T-cell dysfunction, as evidenced by markedly decreased apoptosis and restored proliferative capacity of CD4 T cells. Along these lines, treatment with
A-285222 restored
gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and
IL-4 levels in the spleen, which were markedly reduced in septic mice. CLP-induced formation of regulatory T cells (CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+)) in the spleen was also abolished in A-285222-treated animals. All together, these novel findings suggest that NFAT is a powerful regulator of pathological
inflammation and T-cell immune dysfunction in abdominal
sepsis. Thus, our data suggest that NFAT signaling might be a useful target to protect against
respiratory failure and immunosuppression in patients with
sepsis.