Calcineurin

A CALCIUM and CALMODULIN-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase that is composed of the calcineurin A catalytic subunit and the calcineurin B regulatory subunit. Calcineurin has been shown to dephosphorylate a number of phosphoproteins including HISTONES; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAIN; and the regulatory subunits of CAMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES. It is involved in the regulation of signal transduction and is the target of an important class of immunophilin-immunosuppressive drug complexes.

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Networked: 2469 relevant articles (133 outcomes, 240 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Molkentin, Jeffery D: 51 articles (11/2015 - 03/2002)
2.	Rothermel, Beverly A: 16 articles (09/2014 - 08/2002)
3.	Hill, Joseph A: 14 articles (10/2014 - 03/2002)
4.	Heitman, Joseph: 14 articles (07/2014 - 10/2002)
5.	Molkentin, J D: 14 articles (12/2009 - 02/2000)
6.	Olson, Eric N: 12 articles (10/2014 - 04/2002)
7.	Campistol, Josep M: 12 articles (09/2013 - 03/2004)
8.	Gooch, Jennifer L: 11 articles (12/2014 - 01/2003)
9.	Minami, Takashi: 11 articles (10/2014 - 11/2004)
10.	Legendre, Christophe: 10 articles (01/2015 - 11/2005)

Related Diseases

1.	Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema) 06/01/2006 - "The introduction of topical calcineurin inhibitors resulted in a significant improvement in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. " 01/01/2005 - "In several clinical studies of children and adults with atopic dermatitis, topical calcineurin inhibitors were found to be effective both on the face and the trunk and extremities, in both short- and long-term treatment regimens. " 10/01/2004 - "In several clinical studies, topical calcineurin inhibitors have been shown to be effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). " 05/01/2011 - "Topically applied calcineurin inhibitors have been shown to be effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. " 01/01/2008 - "Topical calcineurin inhibitors are also safe and effective topical treatments for atopic dermatitis, and provide an additional therapeutic option for patients with this disease. "
2.	Proteinuria 05/01/2004 - "Calcineurin-inhibitor-based immunosuppression was reintroduced and resulted in complete remission of proteinuria and in stabilised renal function in all patients. " 01/01/2012 - "This analysis based on Chinese adults and short duration RCTs suggested calcineurin inhibitors, especially TAC, were more effective in proteinuria reduction in IMN with acceptable side effects. " 01/01/2013 - "However, some patients develop proteinuria following a switch from a calcineurin inhibitor regimen to mTOR inhibitors. " 02/01/2010 - "In conclusion, AAs appear to be at high risk for proteinuria and should be monitored closely after conversion to SRL in calcineurin inhibitor sparing protocols." 07/01/2009 - "In group II (n = 18), renal function clearly stabilized after a follow-up of 23.2 +/- 14.4 months (previous MDRD4 = 30 +/- 8.8 mL/m/1.73 m(2), current MDRD4 = 37 +/- 12.2 mL/m/1.73 m(2), NS), although there was a progressive deterioration of previous proteinuria levels (previous proteinuria 0.4 +/- 0.15 g/d, current proteinuria 1.2 +/- 2 g/d, P < .05), which was more frequent and intense in patients whose treatment with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) was suspended (with CNI 0.9 +/- 1.7 g/d, without CNI 1.6 +/- 2.2 g/d, P < .05). "
3.	Infection 01/01/2007 - "helveticus R389 enhanced the gut mucosal immunity by improving the mechanisms that reinforce the epithelial and non-specific barriers and the gut functioning at sites of infection, with an improvement in the expression of the enzyme calcineurin, an important signal in the network that activates the gut immune system. " 04/01/2011 - "Outcomes may be improved if the neurological complications can be minimized; for example, the administration of a calcineurin inhibitor can be delayed, and the management of HCV infection recurrence can be improved." 02/01/2005 - "The present study was designed to characterize pulmonary immune responses following infection with an avirulent temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant, calcineurin A1 (cna1) compared to the pathogenic C. " 06/01/2015 - "However, the requirement for calcineurin substrate Crz1 in these infection models varies in Candida species, suggesting that Crz1 has diverse functions in different Candida species. " 06/01/2015 - "In addition, calcineurin is required for virulence of Candida species in murine systemic, ocular or urinary infection models. "
4.	Graft vs Host Disease (Graft-Versus-Host Disease) 01/01/2016 - "Among others, calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) for prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) may promote the development of PRES, but the pathomechanism is still controversial. " 11/01/2014 - "Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) form the foundation of current graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis regimens. " 09/01/2013 - "Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was calcineurin inhibitor-based in all patients. " 07/01/2010 - "Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), which are used for prophylaxis and treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), have been associated with the development of nephrotoxicity. " 12/01/1994 - "The relationship of CsA administration in vivo, calcineurin activity, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has yet to be studied. "
5.	Nephrotic Syndrome (Syndrome, Nephrotic) 01/01/2013 - "Prolonged therapy with calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) is effective in patients with difficult nephrotic syndrome. " 07/01/2014 - "Five cases of children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome seen from May 2012 to February 2013 in whom only steroid plus calcineurin inhibitor was effective and the disease recurred on reduction of dose were enrolled into this study, including 3 males and 2 females. " 01/01/2015 - "Long-Term Outcomes in Children with Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome Treated with Calcineurin Inhibitors." 01/01/2015 - "The treatment strategy for steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome remains uncertain at present, especially in those with calcineurin inhibitor resistance or intolerance. " 01/01/2013 - "Calcineurin inhibitor induced nephrotoxicity in steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Sirolimus (Rapamycin)
2.	Tacrolimus (Prograf)
3.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)
4.	pimecrolimus (Elidel)
5.	Steroids
6.	Calcium
7.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)
8.	mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept)
9.	Glucocorticoids
10.	everolimus

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients)
2.	Transplants (Transplant)
3.	Homologous Transplantation (Allograft)
4.	Kidney Transplantation
5.	Cell Transplantation