Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level predicts progression to type 2 diabetes in individuals with prediabetes but not with normal glucose tolerance.

Abstract

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:

Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. We therefore investigated whether serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] would predict the development of prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or the two combined) and type 2 diabetes, either on their own or when combined with serum concentrations of IGF-1 or IGF-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), which may interact with 25(OH)D.

METHODS:

At baseline, participants aged 35-56 years without known type 2 diabetes were examined using OGTTs, 25(OH)D and IGF peptide measurements, and anthropometric and lifestyle data. Participants who had prediabetes or type 2 diabetes at follow-up 8-10 years later were selected as cases; these were then age- and sex-matched to controls with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at both baseline and follow-up, giving a total of 980 women and 1,398 men.

RESULTS:

Men but not women in the highest quartile of 25(OH)D level had a decreased OR for developing type 2 diabetes after adjustment for confounders (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.30, 0.90), an effect accounted for by individuals with prediabetes, but not with NGT, at baseline. In both sexes, progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes was reduced by about 25% per 10 nmol/l increase in 25(OH)D. A high IGFBP-1 value was a better predictor of a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes than high 25(OH)D for both sexes, whereas high IGF-1 concentrations predicted a decreased risk only in men.

CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION:

High serum 25(OH)D concentrations predict a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in individuals with prediabetes, but not NGT. There were no significant interactions between 25(OH)D and IGFBP-1 or IGF-1 in terms of risk of diabetes. Our data suggest that vitamin D supplementation should be evaluated for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in prediabetic individuals.

• Authors: A Deleskog, A Hilding, K Brismar, A Hamsten, S Efendic, C-G Östenson
• Journal: Diabetologia (Diabetologia) Vol. 55 Issue 6 Pg. 1668-78 (Jun 2012) ISSN: 1432-0428 [Electronic] Germany
• PMID: 22426800 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Somatomedins
• Vitamin D
• 25-hydroxyvitamin D

Topics

• Adult
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (blood, metabolism, pathology)
• Female
• Glucose Intolerance (blood, metabolism, physiopathology)
• Glucose Tolerance Test
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Prediabetic State (blood, metabolism, physiopathology)
• Somatomedins (metabolism)
• Vitamin D (analogs & derivatives, blood)