Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignant disease.
Gemcitabine is currently the standard first-line chemotherapeutic agent for
pancreatic cancer. As members of apoptosis inhibitors,
Survivin and XIAP play an important role in
chemotherapy resistance in
pancreatic cancer.
Emodin has therapeutic potential against
cancers. This study was designed to investigate whether combination
therapy with
gemcitabine and
emodin enhanced antitumor efficacy in
pancreatic cancer. The application of the combination
therapy triggered significantly higher frequency of
pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis. Our research demonstrated that the combination of
emodin and
gemcitabine resulted in significantly reduced
tumor volumes compared to
gemcitabine or
emodin treatment alone. Immunohistochemistry and western immunoblot analyses showed that
Survivin and XIAP expression were downregulated in
emodin and the combination groups compared to the other two groups.
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that
Survivin and XIAP
mRNA expression in
emodin and the combination groups were downregulated significantly compared to the other two groups. Furthermore, the expression of the nuclear
transcription factor κB (NF-κB)
protein and NF-κB
mRNA were downregulated in the
emodin and the combination groups.
DNA-binding activity of NF-κB was inhibited in
emodin and combination groups compared to the other groups. This study suggests that
emodin potentiates the antitumor effects of
gemcitabine in PANC-1 cell xenografts via promotion of apoptosis and IAP suppression.