Treatment with
statins, inhibitors of
HMG-CoA reductase, extends the survival of septic mice. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the
cholesterol-lowering, independent beneficial effects of
statins in
sepsis are poorly understood. The inhibition of protein isoprenylation, namely farnesylation and geranylgeranylation, has been proposed as a mediator of the pleiotropic protective effects of
statins, although direct evidence is lacking. Major features of
sepsis-induced immune suppression include T-cell dysfunction, which is characterized by apoptosis of splenic T cells, increased CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs), and suppression of type 1 helper T-cell response [e.g.,
interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion] in mice. Here, we show that the induction of
sepsis by cecal
ligation and
puncture (CLP) resulted in increases in
farnesyltransferase activity and farnesylated
proteins in the spleen relative to
sham operation. Treatment with
farnesyltransferase inhibitor N-[4-[2(R)-amino-3-mercaptopropyl]amino-2-phenylbenzoyl]
methionine methyl ester trifluoroacetate salt (FTI-277) (25 mg/kg b.wt. i.p.) at 2 h after CLP blocked the increase in farnesylated
proteins and improved survival and bacterial clearance of septic mice.
FTI-277 reverted to or mitigated
sepsis-induced apoptosis in spleen and thymus, increased splenic CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs, and suppressed IFN-γ secretion and proliferation of splenocytes in response to anti-CD3+CD28
antibodies in mice. Moreover,
FTI-277 promoted macrophage phagocytotic activity in septic mice. These results indicate that elevation in protein farnesylation plays a role in derangements in immune function and mortality of septic mice. These findings suggest that prevention of immune dysfunction might contribute to FTI-277-induced improvement in survival of septic mice. These data highlight
protein farnesyltransferase as a novel potential molecular target to reduce the mortality of patients with
sepsis.