Elevated 4-hydroxyhexenal in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression.
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| Abstract |
Multiple studies have demonstrated elevations of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes including 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and acrolein, in vulnerable regions of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), preclinical Alzheimer's disease (PCAD), and late stage Alzheimer's disease (LAD) brain. However, there has been limited study of a third member, 4-hydroxyhexenal (HHE), a diffusible lipid peroxidation product of the ω-3 polyunstataturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In the present study levels of extractable and protein-bound HHE were quantified in the hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus (HPG), superior and middle temporal gyri (SMTG), and cerebellum (CER) of MCI, PCAD, LAD, and normal control (NC) subjects. Levels of extractable and protein-bound HHE were increased in multiple regions in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extractable HHE was significantly elevated in the hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus (HPG) of PCAD and LAD subjects and protein-bound HHE was significantly higher in MCI, PCAD, and LAD HPG. A time- and concentration-dependent decrease in survival and a concentration-dependent decrease in glucose uptake were observed in primary cortical cultures treated with HHE. Together these data support a role for lipid peroxidation in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
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| Authors | Melissa A Bradley, Shuling Xiong-Fister, William R Markesbery, Mark A Lovell |
| Journal | Neurobiology of aging (Neurobiol Aging) Vol. 33 Issue 6 Pg. 1034-44 (Jun 2012) ISSN: 1558-1497 [Electronic] United States |
| PMID | 20965613 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural) |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
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