Bland White Garland Syndrome

A congenital coronary vessel anomaly in which the left main CORONARY ARTERY originates from the PULMONARY ARTERY instead of from AORTA. The congenital heart defect typically results in coronary artery FISTULA; LEFT-SIDED HEART FAILURE and MITRAL VALVE INSUFFICIENCY during the first months of life.

Also Known As:

Networked: 122 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 9 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Anomalous Left Coronary Artery
2.	Critical Illness (Critically Ill)
3.	Mitral Valve Insufficiency (Mitral Regurgitation)
4.	Cardiac Sudden Death (Sudden Cardiac Arrest)
5.	Pathologic Constriction (Stenosis)

Experts

1.	Yan, Fuxia: 3 articles (06/2020 - 12/2018)
2.	Li, Shoujun: 3 articles (05/2020 - 12/2018)
3.	Alexi-Meskishvili, Vladimir: 3 articles (10/2014 - 10/2011)
4.	Berger, Felix: 3 articles (10/2014 - 10/2011)
5.	Gao, Yuchen: 2 articles (06/2020 - 01/2018)
6.	Peng, Yong G: 2 articles (06/2020 - 01/2018)
7.	Wang, Chunrong: 2 articles (06/2020 - 01/2018)
8.	Wang, Jianhui: 2 articles (06/2020 - 01/2018)
9.	Wang, Sudena: 2 articles (06/2020 - 01/2018)
10.	Wang, Yuefu: 2 articles (06/2020 - 01/2018)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Bland White Garland Syndrome:

1.	iodofiltic acidIBA 01/01/2020 - "123I-BMIPP/201Tl dual myocardial SPECT proves the efficacy of surgical treatment for an adult with Bland-White-Garland syndrome."
2.	Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (Fludeoxyglucose F 18)FDA Link 01/01/2012 - "In this study, we assess the utility of myocardial perfusion/F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaging in the evaluation of myocardial viability and postsurgery functional recovery in children with ALCAPA. "
3.	Thallium-201IBA 12/01/1993 - "Thallium-201 myocardial SPECT in Bland-White-Garland syndrome: two adult patients with inferoposterior perfusion defect." 05/01/1996 - "Functional assessment of ALCAPA syndrome by dobutamine stress thallium-201 SPECT and echocardiography." 12/16/1988 - "In 9 of the 11 patients with DCMP ALCAPA was excluded by the homogeneous perfusion pattern or small focal reduction in thallium-201 activity in the left ventricular muscle mass. " 12/16/1988 - "In order to determine the diagnostic value of thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy in ALCAPA, we investigated 18 children, 7 of them with angiographically or autoptically established ALCAPA and 11 patients with DCMP. "
4.	DobutamineFDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2014 - "Twenty-one patients after direct reimplantation of ALCAPA (median age at operation, 2.8 years) were examined after a median 10.6 years by MRI at rest and under dobutamine stress conditions, echocardiography, and ergometry. " 05/01/1996 - "We report that both dobutamine 201Tl SPECT and echocardiography were useful for the detection of reversible ischemia and for the assessment of the surgical outcome of an adult patient with ALCAPA syndrome." 05/01/1996 - "Functional assessment of ALCAPA syndrome by dobutamine stress thallium-201 SPECT and echocardiography."
5.	Anesthetics (Anesthetic Agents)IBA 01/01/2019 - "Anesthetic management in untreated Bland-White-Garland syndrome: a case report and literature review." 06/01/2017 - "Understanding the pathophysiology and nature of collateral coronary flow in this congenital anomaly is paramount to the safe anesthetic management of adults with ALCAPA. "
6.	Nicorandil (SG 75)IBA 09/01/2017 - "Nicorandil was an Effective Treatment Option for a Patient with Bland-White-Garland Syndrome."
7.	Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG)FDA Link 12/15/2022 - "We present two patients with pathogenic ADNP variants and unusual cardiothoracic manifestations-Bland-White-Garland syndrome, pectus carinatum superiorly along the costochondral junctions and pectus excavatum inferiorly in one patient, and Kawasaki syndrome with pericardiac effusion, coronary artery dilatation and aneurysm in the other-who were successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroid and aspirin. "
8.	Radioisotopes (Radionuclides)IBA 01/01/1997 - "In a 27-year-old man with Bland-White-Garland syndrome (anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery), comparison was made between conventional diagnostic techniques and radionuclide imaging for selection of surgical procedure and evaluating the outcome. "
9.	Prednisone (Sone)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2017 - "Due to the treatment effectiveness with prednisone acetate and digoxin, abnormal Q waves with T inversion, and dilated right coronary artery (RCA), the diagnosis of ALCAPA was suspected. "
10.	Platelet Factor 4IBA 01/01/2003 - "We report an adult patient with platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) for ALCAPA."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Replantation 06/01/2014 - "The aim of this study is to describe the results of our modified technique of coronary reimplantation for the treatment of ALCAPA. " 08/01/2011 - "We designed a retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive study that included patients with ALCAPA who underwent surgery involving coronary reimplantation over a 19-year period. " 08/01/1994 - "To study the potential for recovery of left ventricular function in patients with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) after aortic reimplantation, serial two-dimensional echocardiographic examinations were performed before and up to 9 months after operation in 11 consecutive paediatric patients (group 1: six infants; group 2: five children above the age of 1 year). " 01/01/2023 - "The patient underwent surgical correction of ALCAPA by reimplantation of the LMCA to the aorta, without surgical treatment of UAPA. " 02/01/2022 - "We herein report a rare case of restenosis after direct reimplantation of an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) in a 15-year-old girl. "
2.	Therapeutics 01/01/2014 - "This study aimed to retrospectively illustrate the clinical features and therapy experience of ALCAPA and CLMCA-A patients. " 08/01/2023 - "The management of asymptomatic patients with ALCAPA remains a subject of discussion, and further research is needed to standardize the clinical approach for this subgroup of patients and to compare survival rates between surgical correction and medical therapy." 08/25/2017 - "Surgery should be discussed as first-line therapy in adults with ALCAPA." 11/01/2005 - "We report clinical findings, diagnostic characteristics and therapy in a 31-year-old woman with ALCAPA and preserved left ventricular function." 10/01/1975 - "[The Bland-White-Garland syndrome: hemodynamics, clinical picture, therapy]."
3.	Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation 07/01/2011 - "This study was undertaken to determine whether long-term outcomes for children supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) after ALCAPA repair differ from those in children who did not require ECMO. " 01/01/2000 - "The objective of this review was to analyze a surgical strategy for children with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) where aortic implantation was successful without the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or left ventricular assist device (LVAD). " 09/01/2019 - "We present the case of a 7-week-old male infant diagnosed with anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) who underwent repair by left coronary artery reimplantation, followed by an eventful postoperative period including need for venous arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and mitral valve replacement due to mitral calcification and severe insufficiency. " 01/01/1994 - "Two patients with ALCAPA who developed low cardiac output and could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) after aortic reimplantation of the anomalous left coronary artery were successfully treated with a centrifugal left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). " 01/01/2009 - "We report two cases of ALCAPA from the RPA: the first case, an infant, presented in severe cardiac failure requiring preoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for stabilization; and the second, a neonate, presented with severe aortic coarctation (CoA). "
4.	Ligation 01/01/2023 - "One patient was taken for elective PDA ligation and diagnosis of ALCAPA was made on table after PDA ligation as patient crashed subsequently. " 07/01/2014 - "One patient had undergone previous ligation of ALCAPA in childhood. " 01/01/2013 - "A man with Bland-White-Garland syndrome after ligation of left coronary artery." 09/01/2010 - "The importance of such a finding lies in the fact that VSD closure or PDA ligation in such cases would unmask the ALCAPA." 05/01/2000 - "The ALCAPA ligation was then performed as a life-saving procedure in the absence of any kind of mechanical circulatory support."
5.	Coronary Artery Bypass (Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery) 12/01/2010 - "[Coronary artery bypass graft for Bland-White-Garland syndrome in an old age; report of a case]." 12/01/2008 - "To our knowledge, this is one of only a few reports on coronary artery bypass grafting with bilateral internal thoracic arteries as a treatment of Bland-White-Garland syndrome." 12/01/2008 - "Coronary artery bypass grafting with bilateral internal thoracic arteries for Bland-White-Garland syndrome in an adult." 07/01/2003 - "We present a 25-year-old female patient with Bland-White-Garland syndrome (anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery) who underwent mitral valve replacement (MVR) and coronary artery bypass grafting. " 09/01/1994 - "[Re-coronary artery bypass grafting for anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (Bland-White-Garland syndrome) after operation in infancy: a case of 18-year follow-up]."