Fetal Weight

01/01/1987 - "Insulin administration significantly improved the fetal body weight but did not change the malformation rate in the group made diabetic during organogenesis. "
01/01/2015 - "In our model of mild diabetes, the effect of maternal diabetes on fetal weight and fetal insulin/IGF system expression is organ specific with highly sensitive organs such as lung and heart, and organs that were less affected, such as stomach."
02/01/2014 - "Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that over-expression of human insulin-like growth factor-11 (hIGF-1) in the placenta corrects fetal weight deficits in mouse, rat, and rabbit models of intrauterine growth restriction without changes in placental weight. "
01/01/2013 - "Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that over-expression of human insulin-like growth factor -1 (hIGF-1) in the placenta corrects fetal weight deficits in mouse, rat, and rabbit models of intrauterine growth restriction without changes in placental weight. "
01/01/2013 - "The insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) is essential for prenatal growth regulation and shows gene dosage effects on fetal weight that can be affected by in-vitro embryo culture. "

10/01/1989 - "Ethanol consumption resulted in a significant reduction in fetal weight on day 18 of pregnancy. "
01/01/2014 - "This study is the first to examine ethanol teratogenesis - fetal weight deficits and mortality, and digit, kidney, and vertebral malformations - in C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) fetuses that were transferred as blastocysts into B6 and D2 dams. "
03/01/2010 - "CEE, with maternal blood ethanol concentration of 108-124 mg/dl at 2h after the last dose, decreased fetal hippocampal weight only at GD 65 and had no effect on fetal body weight compared with control. "
07/01/2009 - "B6 mice exposed to ethanol in utero had fetal weight deficits and digit, kidney, brain ventricle, and vertebral malformations. "
08/01/2006 - "Exposure to 20% ethanol decreased fetal weight by 9-13% in the three groups. "

02/01/1984 - "There was also a significant reduction in fetal body weight of the animals in the smoke-exposed group in comparison to those in the pair-fed group. "
01/01/2014 - "Exposure to cigarette smoke led to macrophage accumulation in the maternal lung and significantly lower fetal weights. "
05/01/2011 - "Among mothers who continued to smoke, the third trimester estimated fetal weights and birthweights were most affected in children with the highest umbilical artery resistance. "
05/01/2010 - "Fetal weights were significantly reduced in smoke-exposed compared with control fetuses (0.88 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.08 g, P < 0.02), while litter sizes were not different. "
04/18/2008 - "Interestingly, maternal sidestream smoke exposure, simulating exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), during the pre-/peri-implantation period of development also produced significant decreases in fetal weight and crown-rump length. "

04/01/1985 - "Fetal hypoinsulinaemia was associated, however, with a marked decrease in fetal liver glycogen together with a decrease in fetal liver weight, which was more pronounced than the decrease in fetal body weight. "
02/01/2010 - "Both Se and nutritional plane may impact placental function and fetal growth, as fetal weight and liver glycogen are altered despite similar placental vascularity measurements."
08/01/2006 - "In contrast, fetal weight was elevated by late GH treatment, and these fetuses had higher relative carcass fat content, perirenal fat mass, and liver glycogen concentrations than all other groups. "
01/01/1991 - "Fetal weight (3.61 vs. 2.86 kg) was decreased in the fasted group (p less than 0.001) while fetal hepatic glycogen was unchanged (59.8 vs. 52.4 mg/g tissue). "
01/01/1989 - "In contrast, no decrease in fetal hepatic glycogen content or fetal weight occurred with maternal hyperinsulinemia despite fetal hypoglycemia and fetal hypoinsulinemia. "

02/01/2002 - "Alcohol and methionine plus alcohol numerically enhanced embryonic resorption and induced a significant reduction in fetal body weight. "
10/01/2005 - "However, fetal weights were significantly smaller and percent of dead fetuses were 15% higher in methionine-treated compared with control rats. "
02/01/2002 - "The higher dose of methionine did not produce a particularly beneficial effect on embryonic survival, fetal body weight and occurrence of exencephaly. "
09/01/2005 - "Of note were the 364% increase in AF methionine and the constant decline in AF taurine as both gestational age lengthened and fetal weight increased. "
08/01/1983 - "Fetal weight and gross appearance were not affected by exposure to nitrous oxide; however, the observed decrease in thymidine and methionine syntheses after nitrous oxide exposure may account for its teratogenic effects."

03/01/1997 - "Group IV had significantly reduced mean fetal body weight (p < or = 0.01) and a greater frequency of resorptions compared with group I. Although external, visceral, or skeletal alterations occurred at significantly greater levels in group III, they were unrelated to tretinoin administration because the fetal incidences were not dosage dependent, and the litter incidence did not significantly differ from the control group values. "
01/01/2005 - "Administration of retinoic acid at all doses resulted in statistically significant decreases in mean fetal weight and mean fetal height and the increase in mortality rate, and caused severe ultrastructural damages in Meckel's cartilage. "
03/01/1997 - "Maternally toxic dosages of tretinoin were associated with an increased incidence of abortions and resorptions and reduced fetal body weight, two end points of developmental toxicity. "
01/01/2005 - "Folic acid administration prevented the decrease in mean fetal weight and height of the embryos treated with retinoic acid of 40 mg/kg. In addition, there was a marked decrease in the number of degenerated chondrocytes and an improvement in the structure of granular endoplasmic reticulum along with intact nuclei. "
02/01/1996 - "Under the conditions here, simultaneous administration of Ro 31-0521 with all-trans-retinoic acid appeared to reduce the total percentage of abnormal fetuses seen after exposure to retinoic acid alone, but fetal body weights remained depressed and the numbers of dead embryos remained elevated, suggesting only limited influence of the cyclohexanetrione on retinoid developmental toxicity."

06/01/2015 - "This study was performed to investigate the role of first-hour 50-g oral glucose challenge test (GCT) parameters in predicting the risk of delivering a small-for-gestational-age infant and to determine the accuracy of estimated fetal weight. "
10/01/2014 - "Biparietal diameter, femur length, abdominal circumference and estimated fetal weight values were not significantly different between groups; however, anterior abdominal wall thickness value was significantly width in impaired 50-g glucose test group. "
10/01/2013 - "The fast-growing breed had a significantly higher fetal weight (P < 0.01) and serum glucose concentration (P < 0.05) compared with the slow-growing breed. "
01/01/2010 - "Further, glucose production explained 31% of the variation in fetal weight. "
01/01/2010 - "Twenty nonsmoking pregnant women without impaired glucose tolerance and with a wide range of fetal weights (0.2-2.7 SDS) were investigated at 36 weeks of gestation. "

01/01/2016 - "Mixed-model analysis confirmed litter size to be negatively correlated with fetal and placental weight and showed that [Leu(27)]IGF-II preferentially improved fetal weight in the largest litters, as defined by number. "
01/01/2016 - "Placentas were harvested for immunohistochemical analysis of the IGF system, and maternal serum was collected for measurement of exogenously administered IGF-II. In WT pregnancies, [Leu(27)]IGF-II treatment halved the number of FGR fetuses, reduced fetal(P = 0.028) and placental weight variations (P = 0.0032), and increased the numbers of pups close to the mean fetal weight (131 vs. 112 pups within 1 SD). "
10/01/2012 - "For the placental imprinted gene Igf-2 and H19 expressions, lower Igf-2 and higher H19 expressions were associated with the decreased fetal growth in the L-L group compared with the H-L group with an increased fetal weight. "
04/01/2008 - "Leu(27)-IGF-II also reduced the barrier to diffusion (trophoblast thickness) compared to vehicle and IGF-II. Both IGF-II and Leu(27)-IGF-II increased fetal plasma amino acid concentrations and placental transfer of MG to the fetus compared to vehicle, with Leu(27)-IGF-II also increasing AIB transport compared with vehicle and IGF-II. In addition, Leu(27)-IGF-II increased fetal weight compared to vehicle. "
04/01/2001 - "In mid-gestation, fetal weight (r = 0.65, P = 0.008, n = 17), volume of the maternal blood space (r = 0.58, P = 0.048, n = 17), and surface density of syncytiotrophoblast (r = 0.65, P = 0.023, n = 17), were positively correlated, and syncytiotrophoblast thickness was negatively correlated, with maternal plasma IGF-II concentration (r = -0.69, P = 0.014, n = 17). "

01/01/2015 - "When the effect of independent factors on fetal weight was investigated, it was determined that birth week and first trimester hemoglobin levels were the factors of most influence. "
01/01/2015 - "No correlation was found between fetal weights and second and third trimester hemoglobin concentrations (p = 0.287, p = 0.298, respectively). "
01/01/2015 - "A positive correlation was determined between fetal weight and increased first trimester maternal hemoglobin concentration (p: 0.025). "
11/01/2007 - "On multivariate analysis, the estimated fetal weight, interval from ultrasound to delivery, hemoglobin A1C level, gestational age at ultrasound, and classification of glycemic control were independently associated with the birthweight. "
09/01/2003 - "As observed previously, fetal weight was correlated (r = 0.38; P < 0.01) with blood hemoglobin concentration. "

02/05/2015 - "In addition, the changing pattern between PRL-family hormone concentrations and fetal body weight was positively correlated. "
06/01/2008 - "To assess the association of fetal hormones with placental growth and fetal weight-to-placental weight ratio index (FPI) in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes. "
06/01/1994 - "Adrenalectomy induced reduction of fetal weight and pregnancy index (No. of fetus divided by No. of implantation sites), were not significantly improved by adrenal hormone replacement, except pregnancy index of those animals which received Comp. "
01/01/2013 - "At d 140 of pregnancy, Arg-supplemented and control ewes were euthanized and fetal weight and fetal organ weight recorded, and maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of amino acids, hormones and metabolites analyzed. "
01/01/1984 - "To examine the effects of vasopressin on fetal oxygenation the hormone was infused intravenously for 1 h (1.4-3.5 mU X min-1 X kg fetal weight-1) to chronically catheterized fetal lambs in utero (113-137 days gestation). "

01/01/1992 - "Due to inherent uncertainty regarding appropriate management and observed variability of response, we conclude that studies be performed to assess objectively safety and efficacy of cesarean section for fetal indications at less than 26 weeks' gestation or less than 750 gm estimated fetal weight."
03/01/2010 - "This study compared the accuracy of ultrasound, clinical and maternal estimates of fetal weight in 246 parous women with singleton, term pregnancies admitted for scheduled caesarean section. "
10/10/2002 - "Predictive values of clinical and ultrasonographic estimations of fetal weight for diagnosing macrosomia, defined for the purpose of this study as 4000 g or more, and their effect on the rate of cesarean sections. "
03/01/1997 - "The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the utility of the maternal-fetal ratio (MFR) with clinical and sonographic estimates of fetal weight (FEW) for predicting active phase arrest disorders and the need for a subsequent cesarean section (C/S). "
10/01/1991 - "Elective cesarean section is strongly recommended for diabetics with fetal weights greater than or equal to 4250 gm, and trial of vaginal delivery for nondiabetic fetuses with weights greater than or equal to 4000 gm is recommended. "

01/01/1957 - "[Effect of hypophysectomy & adrenalectomy of pregnant rat on fetal weight]."
06/01/1994 - "Adrenalectomy induced reduction of fetal weight and pregnancy index (No. of fetus divided by No. of implantation sites), were not significantly improved by adrenal hormone replacement, except pregnancy index of those animals which received Comp. "
01/01/1991 - "The present study examined the effects of maternal bilateral adrenalectomy and betamethasone treatment on fetal encephalic development, in terms of fetal body weight, brain weight, DNA, protein and lipid content and morphological development. "
09/01/2001 - "In fetuses with normal nutrition, fetal corticosterone levels were negatively correlated to fetal weight and insulin content; fetal beta-cell mass increased from 355 +/- 48 microg in sham to 516 +/- 160 microg after maternal adrenalectomy; inhibition of steroid production by metyrapone induced a further increase to 757 +/- 125 microg. "

04/01/1982 - "However, following intravenous injection of 100 and 200 micrograms PGF2 alpha there was a significant reduction in fetal weight, and at the 400 micrograms dose level an increase in fetal indicate that PGF2 alpha is not teratogenic in hamsters despite the apparent greater sensitivity of the hamster embryo to prostaglandin."

02/01/2015 - "This study shows that in addition to instrumental delivery, primiparity (OR 9.8; CI 7.8-12.3), episiotomy (OR 8.6; CI 6.4-11.6), gestational age over 41 weeks (OR 1.5; CI 1.2-1.9), fetal weight over 4 kg (OR 3.2; CI 2.3-4.4) and Asian ethnicity (OR 1.9; CI 1.4-2.7) were all strongly associated with OASI. "
02/01/2015 - "Maternal (Age, Parity, BMI and ethnicity), Obstetric (gestational age, assistance during delivery, episiotomy) and fetal (weight) risk factors were analyzed using logistic regression model presented as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). "
10/01/2008 - "The episiotomy rate increased for younger patients, with estimated fetal weight > 4,000 g, when presentation was not occiput anterior and with decreasing parity. "
11/19/2001 - "Overall, lesion of the anal sphincter, episiotomy, fetal weight, physical activity, and hormonal status had a minor, if any, association with lower urinary tract symptoms. "
09/01/2000 - "Overall, lesion of sphincter ani, episiotomy, fetal weight, physical activity, and hormonal status had minor association with lower urinary tract symptoms. "

01/01/2003 - "A fourth study reviewed here examines the effect of previous vaginal birth and fetal weight on the success of vaginal birth after cesarean."
05/01/2015 - "Logistic regression analysis revealed that maternal age above 35 years (P=0.01; odds ratio (OR) 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 5.7), estimated fetal weight before delivery (P<0.0001; OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.7 to 3.8, for each 500 g increase), vaginal birth after cesarean (P=0.02; OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.2 to 8.8) and vacuum extraction (P=0.02; OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.2 to 10.3) were all found to be independent predictors for developing brachial plexus injury. "
02/01/2015 - "Conclusions:Vaginal birth after cesarean is safe, that should be offered to all women with a low transverse incision, with an intergenesic period greater than 18 months, whit a singleton pregnancy, in a cephalic presentation, with an appropriate fetal weight, and without obstetric contraindications of vaginal delivery."
11/01/1989 - "Estimates of fetal weight at term should be a part of the decision-making process before vaginal birth after cesarean section is attempted."