Prodromal Symptoms

Clinical or physiological indicators that precede the onset of disease.

Also Known As:

Prodromal Characteristics; Prodromal Period; Prodromal Signs; Prodromal Stage; Prodromal States; Prodromal Syndromes; Characteristic, Prodromal; Characteristics, Prodromal; Period, Prodromal; Periods, Prodromal; Prodromal Characteristic; Prodromal Periods; Prodromal Sign; Prodromal Stages; Prodromal State; Prodromal Symptom; Prodromal Syndrome; Sign, Prodromal; Signs, Prodromal; Stage, Prodromal; Stages, Prodromal; State, Prodromal; States, Prodromal; Symptom, Prodromal; Symptoms, Prodromal; Syndrome, Prodromal; Syndromes, Prodromal

Networked: 733 relevant articles (35 outcomes, 105 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Signs and Symptoms Pathological Conditions
- Signs and Symptoms
  - Prodromal Symptoms: 733

Related Diseases

1.	Psychotic Disorders (Schizoaffective Disorder)
2.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox)
3.	Dementia (Dementias)
4.	Neurodegenerative Diseases (Neurodegenerative Disease)
5.	Syncope (Fainting)

Experts

1.	Klosterkötter, Joachim: 10 articles (01/2017 - 04/2004)
2.	Woods, Scott W: 8 articles (01/2020 - 08/2003)
3.	Addington, Jean: 7 articles (01/2020 - 08/2003)
4.	McGlashan, Thomas H: 7 articles (01/2020 - 08/2003)
5.	Perkins, Diana O: 7 articles (01/2020 - 08/2003)
6.	Wagner, Michael: 7 articles (01/2019 - 04/2004)
7.	Hampel, Harald: 6 articles (09/2020 - 12/2011)
8.	Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: 6 articles (02/2020 - 07/2014)
9.	Maier, Wolfgang: 6 articles (01/2017 - 04/2004)
10.	Ruhrmann, Stephan: 6 articles (10/2011 - 04/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Prodromal Symptoms:

1.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 01/01/2019 - "A wide array of neuroimaging techniques have improved our understanding of the prodromal stage of these diseases in patients with iRBD, and identified potential biomarkers. " 11/01/2023 - "Thus, our study identified early and late sleep biomarkers of vulnerability to depression, opening the way to the development of treatments at a prodromal stage for high sensitivity to stress, and for stress-induced vulnerability to depression." 01/01/2023 - "To inform the design of randomized trials, it is essential to study the natural progression of clinical markers during the prodromal stages of disease in order to establish optimal clinical end points. " 01/01/2022 - "It is also important to determine cognitive measures that map onto biomarkers of early AD pathology during the transition from the preclinical to the prodromal stage of the disease, as this transition period is likely to be targeted and tracked in AD clinical trials. " 11/30/2021 - "The role of the assessment of neurophysiological features in the study of RBD is then carefully discussed, highlighting their usefulness and sensitivity in detecting neurodegeneration in the early or prodromal stages of RBD, as well as their relationship with other proposed biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of this condition. "
2.	Antipsychotic Agents (Antipsychotics)IBA 07/01/1994 - "The other is to gradually stop neuroleptic medication after remission and to reinstitute medication only in the case of prodromal symptoms (termed targeted or intermittent treatment). " 01/01/2017 - "N=144 unmedicated and antipsychotic-naïve CHR patients, aged between 18 and 42years and suffering from unmanifested prodromal symptoms, were compared with a cohort of N=3995 individuals from the "German Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk Study" (GEMCAS). " 11/01/2008 - "The results of this study support treating high-risk individuals with antipsychotics to reduce prodromal symptoms with adequate safety." 01/01/1994 - "A recent study from our laboratory indicates that supplementing low dose depot antipsychotic medications with oral supplementation at the time of prodromal symptoms may improve the safety of low doses. " 11/01/2020 - "Yet, because of the potential side effects of continued antipsychotic medication, other treatment strategies such as targeted intermittent treatment (i.e., stepwise drug discontinuation and early drug intervention in case of prodromal symptoms or early warning signs) have been discussed. "
3.	Amyloid (Amyloid Fibrils)IBA 01/01/2021 - "The findings of this prognostic study suggest that tau PET is a promising tool for predicting cognitive change that is superior to amyloid PET and MRI and may support the prognostic process in preclinical and prodromal stages of AD." 01/01/2023 - "We assessed single unit LC activity in anesthetized wild-type (WT) and TgF344-AD rats at 6 months, which represents a prodromal stage when LC neurons are the only cells containing hyperphosphorylated tau in TgF344-AD animals, and at 15 months when amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology are both abundant in the forebrain. " 01/01/2019 - "DS cases have Aβ deposits detectable histologically as young as 12-30 years of age, primarily in the form of diffuse plaques, the type of early amyloid pathology also seen at pre-clinical (i.e., pathological aging) and prodromal stages of sporadic late onset AD. " 01/01/2019 - "Conclusion: The prevalence of amyloid deposition in RBD as a prodromal symptom of DLB was significantly lower than that in DLB, suggesting that amyloid accumulation does not always begin at the early stage of DLB." 01/01/2018 - "Additionally, excluding mild AD individuals revealed that these relationships remained, suggesting that lower cortical thickness values in specific regions, vulnerable to amyloid pathology, predict clinical decline already at the prodromal stage."
4.	Olanzapine (Zyprexa)FDA Link 08/15/2003 - "The present study aimed to determine the short-term efficacy and safety of olanzapine treatment of prodromal symptoms compared with placebo. " 10/18/2006 - "PRIME (USA) was the only double blind study and allocated people with prodromal symptoms to olanzapine or placebo. " 08/15/2003 - "In the mixed-effects, repeated-measures analysis, the treatment x time interaction for the change from baseline on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms total score was statistically significant, and post hoc analyses revealed that the olanzapine-placebo difference reached p<.10 by week 6 and p<.05 at week 8. Ratings of extrapyramidal symptoms remained low in each group and were not significantly different. " 10/01/2008 - "Sixty participants in a double blind trial of olanzapine as a treatment for putative prodromal states were assessed at entry (pre-randomization), and again at 6 and 12 months (if they remained non-psychotic), or at any of these points prior to psychosis followed by post-psychosis and 6 months post-psychosis assessments. " 05/01/2006 - "Olanzapine was efficacious for positive prodromal symptoms but induced weight gain. "
5.	Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 (PROD)IBA 01/01/2003 - "The aim of this study was to describe the PROD-screen, an instrument for screening prodromal symptoms indicating risk for psychotic conversion in the near future. " 01/01/2003 - "The concordant validity of PROD-screen for prodromal symptoms of psychosis was assessed in a large epidemiologically mixed sample of research subjects (n = 132) by comparing PROD-screen scores with the prodromal diagnosis made by Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms as a gold standard. " 02/01/2010 - "Vulnerability to psychosis was defined in three ways: having a parent with a history of psychosis, having prodromal symptoms of psychosis measured by PROD-screen questionnaire at the age of 15-16 years or having actually developed psychosis after the field study (in 2002-2005). " 01/01/2020 - "In the general population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n = 8 229), we studied the relationship between teacher-assessed learning deficits, special talents and general school success at age 8 years and both prodromal symptoms (PROD-screen) at age 15-16 years and the occurrence of psychoses by age 30 years. " 01/01/2011 - "In the 15-16-year follow-up survey, the adolescents completed the Youth Self-Report questionnaire as well as the PROD-Screen questionnaire that addressed prodromal symptoms of psychosis. "
6.	Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)IBA 01/01/2018 - "Among these are a family history of BD and/or completed suicide, prodromal symptoms (in childhood and/or adolescence) such as anxiety and mood lability, early onset, and poor response to antidepressants. " 03/01/2001 - "Patients in the intervention group received 2 primary care visits with a depression specialist and 3 telephone visits over a 1-year period aimed at enhancing adherence to antidepressant medication, recognition of prodromal symptoms, monitoring of symptoms, and development of a written relapse prevention plan. " 09/30/2011 - "There is emerging evidence that antidepressants may be effective in preventing patients with non-specific and psychotic-like prodromal symptoms, defined as patients at ultra-high risk (UHR) of psychotic disorder, from transitioning to psychosis. " 11/01/2012 - "The purpose of the review was based on recent studies to discuss whether depression is a prodromal state of dementia or an independent risk factor for dementia, as well as to discuss how the type of depression, the type of dementia, and antidepressant treatment influence the association. " 12/01/2009 - "Furthermore, a naturalistic treatment study in young people with prodromal symptoms demonstrated that medication with antidepressants could prevent the development of psychosis. "
7.	Indicators and Reagents (Reagents)IBA 01/01/2019 - "Motor functioning agreed most with WM until the near-onset prodromal stage, when Stroop interference was the best WM indicator. " 10/01/2006 - "We conclude that the reduction of the neuronal marker NAA in the left prefrontal lobe and the anterior cingulate gyrus may represent a vulnerability indicator for schizophrenia in at-risk subjects, while elevated Cho in the anterior cingulate gyrus may be a predictor for conversion from the prodromal state to the full disease." 09/01/1994 - "Emesis after radiation exposure hints to doses greater than 1.5 Gy. A rise of body temperature above 37 degrees C up to five hours after exposure is related to doses exceeding 2.5 Gy, while an acute onset of diarrhoea is an indicator of a severe accident with more than 9 Gy. Besides blood counts and chromosome analyses a careful evaluation of prodromal symptoms can help to classify the severity of radiation accidents." 12/01/2021 - "Recent studies have shown that apathy can be considered as a prodromal symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but also an indicator of the transition from mild cognitive impairment to AD. " 05/21/2018 - "Subjectively perceived memory problems (memory-related Subjective Cognitive Symptoms/SCS) can be an indicator of a pre-prodromal or prodromal stage of a neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease. "
8.	Anti-Inflammatory Agents (Anti-Inflammatories)IBA 05/01/2014 - "Applied at the onset of prodromal symptoms, this combination treatment has a good safety profile and is more effective in reducing healing time than antiviral or anti-inflammatory agents alone. " 01/01/2011 - "Some of them, including Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interferon-gamma-inducible Protein-10, Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 and Interleukin-8, are increased in AD and in Mild Cognitive Impairment, considered the prodromal stage of AD, suggesting that these modifications occur very early during the development of the disease, possibly explaining the failure of trials with anti-inflammatory agents in patients with severe AD. " 03/01/2008 - "Some of them, including Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interferon-gamma-inducible Protein-10, Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 and Interleukin-8, are increased in AD and in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), considered the prodromal stage of AD, suggesting that these modifications occur very early during the development of the disease, possibly explaining the failure of trials with anti-inflammatory agents in patients with severe AD. "
9.	amlexanox (Aphthasol)FDA Link 02/01/2006 - "The study was designed to determine the efficacy of OraDisc (active component 2 mg amlexanox) on the prevention of aphthous ulcers treated at the prodromal stage. " 08/01/2005 - "This study, firstly, aimed to treat the prodromal stage of RAU with Aphtheal (5% amlexanox paste) to determine if ulcer development could be prevented. "
10.	AntioxidantsIBA 04/01/2010 - "We advocate early intervention in a prodromal period with nutrigenomically defined subjects with an appropriately designed nutritional supplement, including DHA and antioxidants." 11/01/2003 - "As MCI may represent a prodromal stage of AD, and oxidative damage appears to occur as one of the earliest pathophysiological events in AD, an increased intake of antioxidants in patients with MCI could be helpful in lowering the risk of conversion to dementia." 07/11/2014 - "These findings form the basis of future studies aiming to unravel mechanistic insights of the putative role of antioxidants in the treatment of schizophrenia, especially during the prodromal stage. " 04/01/2010 - "Antioxidants mitigate radiation-induced lethality when started soon after radiation exposure, a delivery time that may not be practical due to difficulties in distribution and because the oral administration of such agents may require a delay beyond the prodromal stage of the radiation syndrome. " 07/17/2021 - "The levels of glutathione, a crucial cortical antioxidant, may track variations in functional outcomes in early psychosis and prodromal states. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 07/01/2006 - "However, since maximum viral replication occurs within 24 h after symptoms first appear, the best option may be short-term, patient-initiated episodic therapy, administered during the onset of prodromal symptoms. " 04/01/2019 - "Consequently, identifying individuals during this prodromal period could be very helpful for future trials of neuroprotective or disease-modifying therapies, which might slow or prevent the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. " 01/01/2020 - "A valid diagnosis at early disease stages is of paramount importance, as it can help accommodate differential prognostic and disease management approaches, enable the elucidation of reliable clinicopathological relationships ideally at prodromal stages, as well as facilitate the evaluation of novel therapeutics in clinical trials. " 01/01/2017 - "The aim of this study is to examine whether Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy focusing on adherence, insight, de-idealisation of manic symptoms, prodromal symptoms and mood stabilization can reduce episode severity and relapse rates and increase cognitive performance and functioning in patients with BD. " 10/18/2006 - "A UK-based study (EDIE) randomised 60 people with prodromal symptoms, to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or a monitoring group. "
2.	Cesarean Section (Caesarean Section) 12/01/1990 - "Cesarean section should be reserved for patients with lesions or with prodromal symptoms of recurrent disease at the time of delivery. " 10/01/2012 - "Elective caesarean section before the onset of labor is the choice mode of delivery for women with genital lesions or with prodromal symptoms near the term, even if it offers only a partial protection against neonatal infection. " 05/01/1991 - "The results of this study support the recommendations that in women without symptoms but with known risk factors for genital herpes simplex virus, a trial of vaginal delivery be allowed and that in women with either a lesion clinically consistent with genital herpes simplex virus or prodromal symptoms of genital herpes simplex virus a cesarean section be the mode of delivery." 02/01/2013 - "Caesarean section was offered "most of the time" to women with primary HSV infection in the third trimester by 65% of physicians, to women with prodromal symptoms during the intrapartum period by 57% (no significant differences between groups), and to women with HSV lesions by 92% of obstetricians and 82% of family physicians (P = 0.032). "
3.	Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation 01/01/2023 - "This research emphasizes the importance of precision medicine approaches in tDCS for the prodromal stages of AD." 01/01/2015 - "We will also review one study (Meinzer et al., 2014c) that showed an improvement in cognitive performance during anodal tDCS over the left inferior frontal cortex in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) which is regarded as a prodromal stage of AD. "
4.	Activities of Daily Living (ADL) 01/01/2016 - "As a result, the frequency of prodromal symptoms also decreased even though ADL improved. " 01/01/2023 - "To assess profiles of complex and instrumental activities of daily living in the prodromal stages of MCR. " 01/01/2023 - "Prodromal stages of MCI are associated with progressive mild limitations in complex activities of daily living." 09/02/2022 - "The importance of differentiating between cognitive and motor aspects on ADL function in PD and monitoring cognitive ADL impairment in the prodromal stage of dementia is paramount. " 05/01/2020 - "Mild impairments in activities of daily living (ADL) caused by cognitive dysfunction are also present in the prodromal stage of PDD. "
5.	Conservative Treatment 05/01/2016 - "Patients with incomplete fractures and significant prodromal symptoms or visible fracture line on radiographs, those who have failed conservative management, and those with complete fractures should be treated with intramedullary nail fixation. " 05/01/2016 - "Conservative therapy is indicated for patients with incomplete fractures without prodromal symptoms. " 05/01/2015 - "The severity of HSV infection in the newborn has always dictated conservative management when prodromal symptoms or active genital lesions (or those suggestive of genital herpes) are present during labor and delivery. " 10/01/2008 - "The HUTT showed a dominant cardioinhibitory response in 4.5% of our patients; in elderly patients with vasovagal syncope without prodromal symptoms and refractory on conservative therapy, pacemaker therapy was very effective in preventing syncope during long-term follow-up. "