Multitarget action of Benzothiazole-piperazine small hybrid molecule against Alzheimer's disease: In silico, In vitro, and In vivo investigation.

Abstract

A novel small molecule based on benzothiazole-piperazine has been identified as an effective multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Employing a medicinal chemistry approach, combined with molecular docking, MD simulation, and binding free energy estimation, compound 1 emerged as a potent MTDL against AD. Notably, compound 1 demonstrated efficient binding to both AChE and Aβ1-42, involving crucial molecular interactions within their active sites. It displayed a binding free energy (ΔGbind) -18.64± 0.16 and -16.10 ± 0.18 kcal/mol against AChE and Aβ1-42, respectively. In-silico findings were substantiated through rigorous in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro analysis confirmed compound 1 (IC50=0.42 μM) as an effective, mixed-type, and selective AChE inhibitor, binding at both the enzyme's catalytic and peripheral anionic sites. Furthermore, compound 1 demonstrated a remarkable ability to reduce the aggregation propensity of Aβ, as evidenced by Confocal laser scanning microscopy and TEM studies. Remarkably, in vivo studies exhibited the promising therapeutic potential of compound 1. In a scopolamine-induced memory deficit mouse model of AD, compound 1 showed significantly improved spatial memory and cognition. These findings collectively underscore the potential of compound 1 as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of AD.

• Authors: Chandra Bhushan Mishra, Shruti Shalini, Siddharth Gusain, Pawan Kumar, Shikha Kumari, Yong-Sung Choi, Jyoti Kumari, Bala Krishna Moku, Anita Kumari Yadav, Amresh Prakash, Raok Jeon, Manisha Tiwari
• Journal: Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (Biomed Pharmacother) Vol. 174 Pg. 116484 (May 2024) ISSN: 1950-6007 [Electronic] France
• PMID: 38565058 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Benzothiazoles
• Cholinesterase Inhibitors
• Amyloid beta-Peptides
• Acetylcholinesterase
• benzothiazole
• Piperazines
• Scopolamine
• Piperazine
• Peptide Fragments
• amyloid beta-protein (1-42)

Topics

• Alzheimer Disease (drug therapy, metabolism)
• Animals
• Benzothiazoles (pharmacology, chemistry)
• Molecular Docking Simulation
• Cholinesterase Inhibitors (pharmacology, chemistry)
• Amyloid beta-Peptides (metabolism)
• Acetylcholinesterase (metabolism)
• Mice
• Male
• Humans
• Piperazines (pharmacology, chemistry)
• Scopolamine
• Piperazine (pharmacology, chemistry)
• Peptide Fragments (metabolism, pharmacology)
• Molecular Dynamics Simulation
• Computer Simulation
• Disease Models, Animal
• Maze Learning (drug effects)