Prevalence of glaucoma types, clinical profile and disease severity at presentation: Tertiary Institute based cross-sectional study from South India.

Abstract

Purpose:

To describe the clinical profile and relative prevalence of subtypes of glaucoma presenting to a tertiary care center in India.

Methods:

This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 6,120 new patients (>16 years) presenting between January 2016 and December 2017. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system.

Results:

A total of 11,016 eyes of 6,120 new patients were diagnosed with glaucoma. Sixty-one percent were male and 79% had a bilateral affliction. Primary glaucoma was present in 4,352 (71.1%) and secondary glaucoma in 1,063 (17.4%) subjects. Glaucoma was primary open-angle (POAG) in 4,015 (36.4%) eyes and primary angle closure disease (PACD) in 3,806 (34.5%) eyes. Commonest among secondary glaucoma was post-cataract surgery glaucoma (3.1%), neovascular glaucoma (2.4%), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) (2.1%), and steroid-induced glaucoma (SIG) (1.4%). Patients with primary glaucoma were older than secondary (56.6 ± 0.2 vs 54.1 ± 0.4; P < 0.0001). Mean IOP was higher in secondary glaucoma compared to primary (26.9 ± 0.3 vs 18.9 ± 0.1; P < 0.0001). Secondary glaucoma had greater mean CDR compared to primary glaucoma (0.77 ± 0.007 vs 0.70 ± 0.003; P < 0.0001). The prevalence of blindness (visual acuity <20/200) was 16.2% of eyes. Mean deviation (MD) 20db or worse was noted in 39.5% of eyes at presentation including 47.8% of PACG, 37.3% of POAG, 51% of JOAG, 58% of PXG, and 45% of SIG, suggesting disease severity.

Conclusion:

At the presentation to a tertiary care center, 40% of all eyes with glaucoma had advanced disease with MD worse than - 20D. PACG and JOAG had the worse disease among primary; among secondary, PXG and SIG had the worse disease at presentation.

• Authors: Praveen Kumar Seth, Sirisha Senthil, Anthony Vipin Das, Chandrasekar Garudadri
• Journal: Indian journal of ophthalmology (Indian J Ophthalmol) Vol. 71 Issue 10 Pg. 3305-3312 (10 2023) ISSN: 1998-3689 [Electronic] India
• PMID: 37787226 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Topics

• Humans
• Male
• Female
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Glaucoma, Open-Angle (diagnosis)
• Prevalence
• Intraocular Pressure
• Glaucoma (diagnosis, epidemiology)
• Exfoliation Syndrome
• India (epidemiology)
• Patient Acuity
• Glaucoma, Angle-Closure (epidemiology)